漢語介詞「離」與日語格助詞「から (kara)」、「まで (made)」

Relationship of the Chinese Coverb li and the Japanese Postpositional Particles kara and made

本文主要討論漢語介詞「離」與日語格助詞「から」、「まで」的語義關係，筆者將「離」後賓語分成三類：(1) 時間詞；(2) 方位；(3) 抽象事物，進行探討，試圖找出漢語起點介詞「離」與日語終點「まで」以及起點格助詞「から」之關係，最後希望能對日籍學生的介詞學習做教學建議。本研究的探討及分析以中央研究院平衡語料庫的語料為研究材料，也參考以往的研究成果以及現有的漢語課本等，以漢日對比的方式進行。本文的研究範圍只限於漢語「A 離B」與日語「A はB｛まで・から｝」，而不討論漢語「從～到」與日語「～から～まで」。根據研究結果，以往研究所說的漢語介詞「離」相對應為日語格助詞「から」（郭春貴2001:243）的說法不能成立。本研究結果也顯示，三類「離」後賓語與日語「から」和「まで」，分別具有不相同的對應關係。

This paper attempts to explore the relationship between Chinese coverb li and the Japanese postpositional particles made and kara. First, we subdivided the object of li into three types: time, direction, and abstract phenomena. Considering the three types of objects associated with li, there is an attempt to explore the relationship between li and made and kara. There is some discussion of the pedagogical implication of teaching Japanese learners of Chinese about coverbs. To carry out the research, we used language data from (1) the Academia Sinica Balanced Corpus of Modern Chinese and (2) previous studies and authentic Chinese textbooks as well. This study focuses on Chinese ‘A li B’ vis-à-vis Japanese ‘A wa B {made/ kara}’. There is no discussion of Chinese ‘cong A dao B’ vs. Japanese ‘A kara B made’. The major conclusion differs from the findings of Haruki Kaku’s study of Chinese li corresponding to Japanese kara (2001:243). This study also shows that three types of object of li have different corresponding relations with Japanese made and kara.