現代漢語與方言中差比句的句法結構分析

Analyses of the Syntactic Structure of Comparative Sentences in Modern Chinese and its Dialects

現代漢語及其方言的差比句中存在 Target、Com(parative)、Deg(ree) 等三個功能範疇，分別實現作“比＂、“是＂、“過＂等語音形式。Target 的EPP 特徵決定著比較主體與比較基準的句法位置，這使得一般語序是比較主體前於比較基準，而天台話是比較基準前於比較主體；Target 的音韻特徵決定著比較基準與形容詞的句法位置，除非下層功能範疇阻止形容詞與其融合，這使得一般語序是比較基準前於形容詞，而粵語等方言是形容詞前於比較基準。

There are three functional categories in comparative sentences in Modern Chinese and its dialects: Target, Com(pararive), and Deg(ree). They can be phonologically realized as BI, SHI and GUO respectively. The EPP feature of Target determines the relative syntactic positions between the subject and the standard. The phonological feature of Target cannot determine the relative syntactic position between adjective and standard, unless the lower functional category blocks the incorporation of the adjective into it.