漢語中的「所」關係子句

Suo Relative Clauses in Mandarin Chinese

本文主要研究漢語中的「所」關係子句，並論證它是受詞關係代名詞。「所」與Zwart (2002) 提出的代名詞皆與主詞指向有著密切關係。「所」的非主詞指向暗示著一個代名詞與它的先行詞有附加語制約依存關係；而Zwart 的代名詞與它的先行詞有論元制約依存關係。本文同時也指出漢語的無中心關係子句是自由關係子句。至於關係子句與它的先行詞的範疇，本文提倡此範疇為特定名詞片語，而不是非特定名詞片語，其佐證來自於它的整個子句加上先行詞都可以出現在漢語中的主題位置以及存在句。

This paper aims to look into suo relative clauses (RCs) in Mandarin Chinese under a combined framework of the Complementation Structure revived by Kayne (1994), the LINKER analysis by Den Dikken & Singhapreecha (2004), and the derivational approach to the PRONOUN by Zwart (2002). I argue that suo is a relative pronoun for objects. The obligatory disjointness of suo from subjects implies an Abar binding dependency between a PRONOUN and its antecedent, which is different from the A-binding dependency in Zwart (2002) that a PRONOUN always refers to a subject. Both of the two dependencies are sensitive to subjecthood. This paper also shows that Chinese headless RCs and Chinese headless suo RCs are FRs. As for the category of RCs and the head nominals, the paper argues that the projection is a DP rather than an NP in terms of the facts that it is grammatical for the projection to occupy a topic position where indefinite nominal phrases are prohibited, and it is also grammatical for the projection to occur in the existential construction.