閩客雜居地區居民的語言傳承：以新竹縣新豐鄉為例

Language Maintenance and Shift in Southern Min and Hakka Families in a Bilingual Speech Community

本文探討閩客雜居地區閩客家庭的語言傳承，分析了新竹縣新豐鄉256份一般居民以及230份村鄰長等社區領袖的問卷。發現閩客家庭都有向優勢語國語轉移的情形，使用母語的比例都隨著世代遞減，與父母交談使用母語的比例最高，兄弟姊妹等同輩次之，子女再次之，與（外）孫子女交談使用母語的比例最低；隨著年齡層降低，使用母語的比例也隨之降低，而且不論是否跨族通婚，國語都已成為年輕一輩彼此的主要溝通用語。此外，比起客家村鄰長和一般居民，閩南籍村鄰長與子女、（外）孫子女交談只用母語的比例顯著較低，與子女使用（含混用）國語的比例則顯著較高，我們認為閩客村鄰長之間的差異可能是語言態度的差異。

This study investigates the issue of language maintenance and shift in families in a Southern Min-Hakka bilingual speech community, based on questionnaires collected from 256 villagers and 230 community leaders in Hsinfeng, Hsinchu County. The result shows a clear trend of language shift. Subjects consistently use native languages with younger generations less often. And younger subjects use native languages less often than their elders. Besides, Southern Min community leaders significantly use Mandarin more with their children and grandchildren than do other subjects. It is proposed that the difference between Southern Min and Hakka community leaders might be a difference in language attitude.