蒲溪羌語的話題——評述結構

Topic-Comment Constructions in Puxi Qiang

本文用資訊結構 (information structure) 理論介紹和討論了蒲溪羌語的話題—評述結構類型及其形態句法特徵。通過分析我們發現蒲溪羌語的基本結構主要受語用的制約。任何論元都可以作話題，但施事論元比其他論元更具有話題性。話題標記在長篇語料中出現頻率較高，其他情況下出現較低。儘管代詞S/A 控制動詞的一致關係，但受語意的制約很高。蒲溪羌語有獨特的代詞分裂體系，即話題與非話題分裂。即使施事者通常是話題，為了消除話題代詞體現的施事者所引起的歧義，仍然需要帶施事格標誌。這點清楚地證明代詞本身不是標記施事者。

In this paper we discuss the properties of topic-comment constructions in the Puxi variety of Qiang in terms of information structure. We present various types of topic-comment construction: unmarked topic-comment, marked topic-comment, double topic-comment, and topic chain. We also illustrate the morpho-syntactic features and pragmatic function of each type of construction as well. In Puxi Qiang, agent is more topical than other semantic roles. There is one topic marker, which mainly occurs in text. There are also two forms each for the first and second person singular pronouns, the use of one form or the other is not related to the semantic role or syntactic function, but to pragmatic role: topic vs. non-topic. This phenomenon is typologically unusual, and has not been mentioned in the Tibeto-Burman linguistics or typology literature.