《荔鏡記》趨向式探索

Directional Constructions in Li Jing Ji

本文從概念結構、論元結構、句法結構、信息結構的觀點研究明代閩南戲文《荔鏡記》趨向式的各個面向。論文的重點在探討趨向詞「入」、「出」、「起」、「落」、「轉／返／倒」、「上」、「下」、「過」和伴隨的指示動詞「來」、「去」進入句法格式後產生了什麼語意變化，特別是從空間意義到非空間意義的轉變。從趨向的語義基本元素（「客體」、「處所」、「移動」、「路徑」、「方式」、「動因」）和語詞表現的關係來看，《荔鏡記》的趨向式中兩種詞彙化的方式並存，即（一）趨向詞充當主要動詞時，由「移動」和「路徑」融合而成，（二）「動詞＋趨向補語」的格式中，動詞由「移動」和「方式」融合而成，趨向補語表現「路徑」。《荔鏡記》閩南語趨向詞系列有固有白讀層、文言層、官話層之分。固有層中有的趨向詞還有泉州腔和潮州腔之分。

This paper explores various aspects of directional constructions in terms of conceptual structure, argument structure, syntactic structure, and information structure in Li Jing Ji, a Ming Jia-jing edition of the Southern Min script for a play (1566 A.D.). The bulk of the paper aims at capturing the semantic shifts of a set of directional words such as jip8, chhut4, khi2, loh8, tng2/to3, chiunn7, ha7, and ke3, in particular extension of a spatial to non-spatial sense, in conjunction with the deictic verbs lai5 and khi3. Viewed from the interaction between semantic primes of directionals and lexicalization, we can detect two main patterns: (1) directionals functioning as main verbs are a result of conflating MOTION and PATH; and (2) verbs in the verb ＋ directional complements construction are generated by conflating MOTION and MANNER, whereas PATH is realized by directional complement. Directional words show a tripartite stratum distinction: (1) native and colloquial stratum, (2) classical stratum, and (3) Mandarin stratum. Some directional words even exhibit a subdialectal distinction between Quanzhou and Chaozhou varieties.