現代漢語的兩種修飾語以及 DPs 和 TPs 之間的相似性

Two Types of Modifiers and Parallelisms between DPs and TPs in Chinese

本文根據「什麼」這個詞在名詞詞組裡的用法，將現代漢語在名詞詞組裡的修飾語（包括：形容詞、關係子句、名詞），分為兩類：一類是個體層次修飾語，另一類是狀態層次修飾語；前者表示永久的狀態，後者表示暫時的狀態。兩者的句法表現則是前者是 NP/N' 的修飾語，後者是 DP/D' 的修飾語。本文主張名詞詞組內不同的語序是不同層次的修飾語，主語提升和數量詞遺留互動的結果，這樣的看法乃是基於 DPs 和 TPs 之間的一些相似性。

Based on the occurrences of shenme ‘what’ in a nominal phrase, this study finds it necessary to distinguish two types of modifiers (including adjectives, relative clauses and nominals) in Chinese—individual-level modifiers and stagelevel modifiers. It is argued that there is a syntactic correlate for the two types of modifiers. The former are DP/D' modifiers, while the latter NP/N' modifiers. This analysis is based on several parallelisms found between DPs and TPs, including modification at different levels, subject raising and quantifier floating.