從“盡 V—V 盡”和“誤 V/錯 V—V 錯”看述補結構的形成

Development of 盡V──V 盡 and 誤V/錯V──V 錯: Time of Appearance of the VC Construction

本文考察了從“盡V＂到“V 盡＂和從“誤V/錯V＂到“V 錯＂的歷史發展過程。在先秦和兩漢，除極少數例外，只有“盡V＂，到六朝時才出現表示動作及其結果的“V 盡＂；在漢代，只有“誤V＂，從東漢到唐代“錯＂開始代替“誤＂，但仍放在動詞前面，說成“錯V＂，直到《朱子語類》中才有“V 錯＂和“錯V＂並存。文章分析了“盡V＂和“V 盡＂以及“誤V/錯V＂和“V 錯＂的關係，說明了述補結構“V 盡＂和“V 錯＂產生的途徑。對這個問題的研究有助於確定述補結構產生的時代。

This paper includes a thorough description of the development of 盡 V── V 盡 and 誤 V/錯 V——V 錯. In the pre-Qin period and the Han dynasty, the characters 盡 and 誤 are used mainly as adverbials preceding a verb. In the Six Dynasties 盡 can be placed after the verb as a complement. In the Song Dynasty, the VC construction V 錯 can be found in the Zhuzi Yulei. We also discuss the origin of the VC constructions V 盡 and V 錯, with a proposal that the time of appearance of the VC construction can be deduced from the development of 盡 V——V 盡 and 誤 V/錯 V——V 錯.