東部台灣南島語群的來源：巴賽、噶瑪蘭、阿美、西拉雅

Origins of the East Formosans: Basay, Kavalan, Amis, and Siraya

「東部台灣南島語群」包括過去在大台北地區定居的巴賽，蘭陽平原的噶瑪蘭，現在仍在花東縱谷平原的阿美，以及在西南部平原的西拉雅。這四個族群的語言都有一個共同的音變：古南島語的 *j 跟 *n 合併，這種音變並不見於其他任何南島語言。巴賽語跟噶瑪蘭語又有兩種共同的音變：（一） 古語的 *j, *n, *N 的合併，（二）古語的 *k 在 *a 元音之前分化為 k 和 q，而這兩種音變並不見於阿美語或西拉雅語。此外，前兩種語言又都含有一些相似的詞彙形式的特殊變化。因此，它們的密切關係，證據相當確鑿。可是阿美跟西拉雅是否關係較密切，語言學的證據仍嫌薄弱。本文列有東部台灣南島語群的同源詞。

Both phonological and lexical evidence is examined to show the internal relationships of four ethnic groups in Formosa: Basay, Kavalan, Amis, and Siraya. The merger of *j and *n, occurring nowhere else, defines the entire East Formosan group. Two phonological innovations, (1) merger of *j, *n, and *N as n and (2) split of *k into k and q (before *a), are exclusively shared by Basay and Kavalan. Shared innovations are also found in sporadic changes in a few lexical items in these two languages. However, linguistic evidence for a close relationship between Amis and Siraya is much weaker. This study includes a list of cognates shared by the East Formosan group.