西拉雅語「詞彙前綴」的來龍去脈

The Coming and Going of ‘Lexical Prefixes’ in Siraya

本文仔細檢視西拉雅語之詞彙前綴，指出它們實際上包括幾種相關而區別的現象。有些前綴是後接名詞性或副詞性的附著動詞，這類附著動詞可論證為一種詞彙前綴。其他一部分前綴為表達方向、地點或伴隨等概念的方向前綴；此類詞綴已成為動詞規律形態的一部分。最後一類前綴為預期性動詞序列。這些成分形式上源自詞彙動詞之一部分（通常為第一音節或起首輔音），在複雜動詞構造一種以前詞綴形式出現於詞彙動詞前的助動詞上，也可出現於置詞型動詞中。預期性動詞序列有時雖然形似動詞詞綴，不過總體看來它們在功能上、語意上都頗為獨特。結語中，筆者提出一項辨證：動詞預期性前綴、詞彙性前綴、及方位性前綴相互有關連，它們反映了西拉雅語動詞系統語法化不同的階段。

In this paper I look closely at Siraya ‘lexical prefixes’ and show that they in fact represent several related but distinct phenomena. Some of these prefixes are bound verbs followed by a complement, usually a noun or an adverb. These bound verbs could arguably be called lexical prefixes. Some other prefixes are ‘orientation prefixes’ which carry notions of directionality, location, or comitativeness. They have become part of the regular verbal morphology. Finally, some of the prefixes are anticipating sequences. These are formal elements (usually a first syllable, or a first consonant) of the lexical verb which are prefixed to the preceding auxiliary in complex verb constructions. They can also occur in prepositional verbs. Anticipating sequences sometimes look like verbal prefixes, but as a class they are functionally and semantically very distinct. In a concluding section I argue that anticipating prefixes, lexical prefixes, and orientation prefixes are interlinked and represent subsequent stages of grammaticalization in the Siraya verbal system.