中國東北地區愛滋感染者之壓力、需求及生活品質

Stress, Needs, and Quality of Life of People Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus/AIDS in North East China

背景：愛滋病雞尾酒療法可有效的降低愛滋病毒感染者的發病率及死亡率，進而維持其免疫力。感染者因疾病的慢性化而產生了心理及提升生活品質之需求。中國愛滋病人口數量龐大，然而相關研究卻很少。目的：探討中國愛滋病毒感染者之壓力、需求、生活品質，及其相關影響因子。方法　本研究為橫斷性、描述性研究，採方便取樣，以結構式問卷收集100位愛滋感染者的壓力、需求及生活品質資料，並分析影響生活品質之相關因子。結果　感染者最大的壓力來源為「擔心病情曝光及如何告知他人自己感染愛滋病」，主要需求為：有諮詢管道、了解所做的各種檢查、治療項目或結果、及避免疾病惡化的方法。生活品質四範疇中，以生理健康範疇分數最低。感染者之壓力、需求與生活品質彼此間呈顯著相關，多變項分析顯示，僅壓力的程度可預測各項生活品質（β = -.25 ~ -.60, p ＜ .05 ~ .001）。結論／實務應用　建議健康照護人員協助感染者降低疾病曝光風險、提供感染者足夠的醫療照護訊息、提倡疾病的去汙名化，以降低壓力、滿足需求，進而提升其生活品質。

Background: HIV/AIDS has become a chronic disease since anti-retroviral therapy has reduced the related rates of morbidity and mortality and maintained the immunity of people living with the human immunodeficiency virus / AIDS (PLWHA). PLWHA have psychological needs and many hope to improve their quality of life (QoL) over the long course of their treatment. Despite the large number of AIDS cases, there are limited reports addressing the issue of QoL among PLWHA in China. Purpose: The present study aims to explore the stress, needs, QoL, and related factors among PLWHA in China. Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive study used a structural questionnaire to assess the stress, needs, and QoL of 100 PLWHA in Shenyang, China. Results: The most stressful issues faced by the participants were admitting HIV/AIDS status publicly and explaining their illness to others. Their needs were mainly related to receiving adequate information about HIV-related medical services, examination, and treatment and learning how to prevent disease progression. Among the four domains of QoL, the score in the physical domain was the lowest. The stress, needs, and QoL of the participants were significantly inter-correlated. However, only stress was found to predict QoL (β = -.25 to -.60, p ＜ .05 to .001) in multivariate analysis. Conclusions / Implications for Practice: To reduce the stress, meet the needs, and improve the QoL of PLWHA, healthcare providers should work to lower the risk of divulgence, provide adequate healthcare information, and work to reduce the stigma and discrimination that is associated with having HIV/AIDS.