考量身體倫理的醫療照護專業

Considering Body Ethics in the Healthcare Profession

本文試圖以身體現象學，並參照Watson的關懷理論，探討發展身體倫理的可能性，希望能於實際的醫護照護場域中，促進某種人文的經驗。從身體現象學的分析，我們得到身體是心靈的安居之所，但在疾病與痛苦的侵犯下，心靈被迫離開熟悉的「在家狀態」，肉體成為被治療的身外之物。肉體於疼痛狀態下，直接感受到孤獨、被侵襲等負面感受，也是身體倫理性的直接起源。本文也比較了目前較常用到的臨床倫理工具，認為除了道德推論、道德情感等平時較被注意的概念外，身體倫理應該建立在身體感性的層次上，因而具有更為真誠的倫理特質。最後本文則嘗試以身體倫理的想法補足Watson的關懷理論。

This article uses the theory of body phenomenology and Watson's caring theory to develop and apply body ethics to the clinical healthcare profession. This attempt is meant to facilitate deep, humanistic experiences for healthcare personnel. The analysis of body phenomenology reveals that the soul is banished from her familiar and comfortable ＂at-home＂ status when illness and pain invade the body. In such situations, the body becomes an external object that is self-alienated. This experience induces experiences such as solitude and violence. However, it also holds the potential to expose the original morality of the body. Additionally, this article discusses popular tools used in clinical ethics such as principalism and virtual-based ethics, which are based on moral reasoning and moral feeling. In contrast to these, body ethics seek a more profound and humble level of sensibility that is able to implant authenticity into the ethics. Finally, we offer some suggestions related to Watson's caring theory.