社區健康照護未來十年的趨勢與護理人員的優勢與契機

Community Health Care Trends for the Coming Decade: Advantages and Opportunities for Nurses

近年來許多先進國家都因民眾健康需求增加，資源卻有限之情況而紛紛提出政策修正與改革，其中被提出有效的方法就是提升社區照護的質與量。我國自全民健康保險開辦後，由於保費無法依需求適時合理的調整、國人多項健康習慣未建立、對健康照護的期待又逐漸增加、護理執業環境相當惡劣，導致醫療體系的穩固岌岌可危，此現象使得強化社區健康照護在我國成為改善當前問題的重要策略。社區護理正面臨許多的挑戰，我們剛好走在這個歷史的重要交會點。本文嘗試透過分析影響未來我國社區照護的國內外因素，包括人口結構的變化、生活方式相關的癌症與慢性疾病盛行、政府政策的調整、護理醫療相關法規的實踐、以及護理專業團體的共識，提出未來十年社區健康照護的趨勢與展望社區護理的優勢與契機；期望社區照護領域的夥伴能做好準備，為全民健康及護理專業的前景，立下良好基礎與典範。

Health policies in many advanced countries have been revised and reformed to address increasing public healthcare demands and increasingly limited resources. Upgrading the quality and quantity of community healthcare is the most effective solution. Implementation of the National Health Insurance system in Taiwan has introduced instability into the medical system, as insurance premiums no longer correspond to healthcare demand, Taiwanese live inadequately healthy lifestyles, and expectations of the healthcare system continue to grow. Community nursing now faces many challenges at this historic crossroads. This paper tries to analyze factors in the domestic and international environment that affect Taiwan's national community healthcare. These include changes in population structure, adjustment of governmental policies, the implementation of nursing and medical regulations, and consensus among nursing professional groups. The authors hope to anticipate the trends and prospects and advantages and opportunities in community healthcare in the coming decade in order to help our community healthcare partners prepare a good foundation and establish a model for the national healthcare system and nursing profession.