問題解決的涵義、測量與影響之概述

Brief Review of Meanings, Measures, and Effects in Problem Solving

問題解決是一個認知行為的過程，包含形成各種反應、決策與處理的行動，它不僅是個體的特質之一，同時它也可以透過經驗與學習累積而來，年齡、性別、教育程度、社會支持及個人的信念與態度等有可能影響問題解決。目前，學者以個體是否能提出合適問題的能力、解決問題的品質及態度等來加以測量，有效的問題解決技巧與能力，能夠改善健康狀態，護理人員可以應用相關方法提升病人的問題解決能力，以促進病人的健康與安適。

Problem solving is considered a cognitive-behavior process that involves different reactions, decisions, and forms of management. A person's problem solving ability can be enhanced through learning and practice. Some factors, such as age, gender, education, social support, and belief may influence one's problem solving ability. Measures of problem solving ability include: the ability to identify the problem appropriately, the quality of the problem solving process, and the attitude toward problem solving. Effective problem solving ability can improve one's health. There are strategies that we can adopt to enhance patients' problem solving ability and improve their health and well-being.