以病人為中心的全人照護教學

Teaching Patient-Centered Holistic Care

護理教育的目的在培育學生具有以病人為中心之全人照護觀念和能力。本文乃介紹某科技大學護理系成人護理學的課程調整，將全人照護概念導入課程中的過程。課程架構涵蓋全人及照護兩個層面，全人部分包含個案的生理──心理──社會──靈性各層面、健康影響因素及基本需要；照護部份包括運用護理過程發現個案問題、依三段五級的健康防護體系的概念，在醫院、家庭、社區等場域執行照護。在授課過程中以臨床案例為主，運用問題導向式學習及概念構圖教學法，引導學生思考全人照護的概念。

Nursing education aims to help students understand concepts and gain competencies in holistic care. The purpose of this paper was to present a nursing curriculum that adapted and introduced holistic care into an adult nursing curriculum taught at a university of science and technology. The course framework included both holistic and nursing domains. The holistic aspect addressed client physical psychological-spiritual needs and related factors, health related factors, and the status of Mallow’s hierarchy of needs and related factors. The nursing aspect addressed the way in which nursing was applied to identify client problems and provide individualized, integrated and continuous care in hospital, family or community based settings employing primary, secondary, or tertiary prevention. Scenario with problem based learning and concept mapping were used in class to guide students to consider in depth the concepts that underpin holistic care.