早產兒和新生兒之疼痛處置與護理評估

Pain Management and Nursing Assessment of Preterm and Term Neonates

早產兒和新生兒在住院期間常需接受一些疼痛的處置。由於他們無法以言語表達疼痛的經驗，因此其生理、行為和面部表情成為反應疼痛程度的指標。臨床護理人員常以自身的經驗評估其疼痛，較少使用統一標準的疼痛評估量表，使得疼痛的處置不一。本文介紹目前已發展有關早產兒和新生兒疼痛評估量表及減緩疼痛的藥物及非藥物措施。護理人員若對早產兒和新生兒疼痛有足夠的認知及合宜的疼痛處置，並能實際運用於臨床工作，可避免早產兒和新生兒因疼痛所造成短期、長期的負面影響。

Preterm and term neonates often suffer pain from procedures during their hospitalization. Due to the lack of verbal abilities of preterm and term neonates to express the pain experience, physiological and behavioral manifestations can reflect their pain levels. Clinical nursing staff usually assesses neonates' pain based on nurses' own experience and rarely use standard procedures of pain management. The purpose of this paper is to summarize current pain assessment tools developed for neonates and various pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical pain interventions. Nursing staff should have sufficient knowledge and a positive attitude towards neonates' pain management in order to reduce short-term and long-term negative influences on neonates.