「以學生為中心」的教學在護理教育上之運用

The Application of Student-Centered Teaching to Nursing Education

台灣護理教育近年來面臨了重大的挑戰與衝擊，各級護理學校亦紛紛致力於課程的改革，在這一波的改革浪潮中，「以學生為中心」的教學已然成為護理課程改革的重點方向，但護理教師對其解讀恐有不一致之虞，而文獻上也缺乏以此為主題的闡述。理念的不一致可能會影響實施的成效，因此本文針對「以學生為中心」的教學理念在護理教育上的運用進行闡述，強調教育改革應該是環繞一貫的教育宗旨進行，而非僅只於方法上的改變。本文內容包含何謂「以學生為中心」、「以教師為中心」及「以學生為中心」的教學比較、介紹Weimer所提出的五大關鍵課題：師生之間權力的平衡、教學內容的功能、教師的角色、學習的責任、評值的目的及過程，並進一步說明此五大關鍵課題在護理教育上的運用。筆者希望藉由本篇文章的介紹，讓國內護理師生更了解「以學生為中心」的教學理念，且能更進一步的有效運用在護理教育的改革中。

Nursing education in Taiwan is currently facing an extensive reform toward student-centeredness. However, few articles were found in the Taiwanese nursing literature focusing on student-centered teaching and nurse educators in Taiwan may have different interpretations of it. Misinterpretation of the term 'student-centeredness' may lead educational reform into inconsistency or ineffectiveness. This study aims to expand student-centered teaching's application to nursing education, stressing that not only the teaching techniques but also a consistent thinking approach is essential for educational reform. The content of this article addresses the meaning of student-centeredness and the differences between teacher-centeredness and student-centeredness. The article also advocates Weimers' five key changes toward student-centered teaching: the balance of power, the function of content, the role of the teacher, the responsibility for learning, and the purpose and process of evaluation, and further expounds their application to nursing education. Hopefully this article can provide Taiwanese nursing educators and students with an explicit view of student-centeredness and facilitate a more effective application of it to educational reform in nursing.