員工充能模式於公共衛生護理之應用與省思

The Application in Public Health Nursing of the Employee Empowerment Model and Relevant Considerations

源於1960年代的奴隸、黑人以及公民運動下所帶動的充能教育思潮帶動健康促進潮流、管理策略與教育課程改革的省思。公共衛生護理正是健康照護學門裡推動此概念的重要群體。員工充能源於充能理念蘊含能力與權力兩大面向，可由個人心理充能與組織充能來加以測量，本文結合充能認知模式提出員工充能模式應用於公共衛生護理之過程，包含對話期―確認無力感、發展期―充能教育課程與組織對話以及行動期―集體行動。本文亦提出運用員工充能模式時之省思包含舊思維新技巧、更去充能的危機以及符合研究典範的研究法，此模式與應用過程可作為未來設計公共衛生護理充能教育之參考。

Empowerment, rooted in the black civil rights and other civic movements of the 1960s, has greatly impacted thought and theories on health promotion activities, management strategies, and educational reform. Public health nurses are vital facilitators to the introduction and implementation of the empowerment concept in the health care field. Employee empowerment, based on the concept of empowerment, comprises the two domains of ability and power, which may be assessed through psychological and organizational empowerment. This article illustrates the employee empowerment model, the combination of cognitive empowerment model, and its application in public health nursing. The empowering process includes confirming feelings of powerlessness during the dialogue phase; empowerment education and organizational dialogue during the development phase; and collective action for goal-setting during the action phase. This paper also notes issues that should be considered related to model implementation, including new technology of old paradigm, the risk for more disempowered status, and an appropriate methodology for research paradigms. The employee empowerment model presented in this paper may be used as a guide to design empowerment education curricula for public health nurses.