由墨子的「兼愛」談護理的管理哲學

A Discussion of Nursing Management Philosophy in the Light of Mo-Tzu's Concept of Love without Distinction

談到「管理」，一般總容易讓人意會到的是企業上的創造利潤，管理的目的，在企業上來說，就是為達致利潤的有效過程。那麼，針對「護理」的管理又該當如何呢？也就是說，如何將「管理」的機制應用與護理專業上呢？不難明白的是，任何機制的運用，除了其目的性之取向外，都有其中心理念或核心思想為其實際作為之導引。關於護理管理之中心理念或核心思想的探討，即是護理管理哲學的研究。筆者以中國先秦時期墨子的「兼愛」思想為護理管理之基本理念，正是因為墨子的「兼愛」強調愛的無差等。它所著重的不是抽象理論層面的探究，而是由實務的操作轉而回歸理念的堅實；在行動中成就理論的完整性。護理的管理所欲達致之目的為照護上的「一視同仁」，強化護理照護之功能。這全然不同於企業管理所針對的利潤之目的。此乃因為護理的對像是「病人」，護理管理之目的是提供達到病人之身、心、靈，復健的照護目的。因此，在護理管理上，其管理與照護目的應是合而為一的。

When one mentions the word, ”management,” people all too easily conclude that one is referring to the question of how to create profit for a business enterprise. This is because, in business, that is indeed the precise purpose of management. So what should the aim of management be in nursing? That is to say, how does the function of management apply to the nursing profession? It is not difficult to understand that behind the implementation of any practice is a key thought or guiding principle. To investigate the central idea or key thought about nursing management requires research into the philosophy of nursing management. The writer believes that the teaching of Mo-tzu, who advocated love without distinction, in ancient (pre-Chin) China, is the fundamental idea of nursing management, because that philosophy emphasizes impartial love of every person. It does not stress investigations of different levels of abstract theories; but simply calls for the practical application of the idea. The goal of nursing management is to care about patients impartially and strengthen nursing care. The aim of nursing care is completely different from that of business enterprises. We can also say that it is precisely because nursing means taking care of sick people, that the goal of nursing management is to care about achieving the recovery of body, mind, and spirit of a patient. The management of nursing, therefore, and the goal of nursing are united harmoniously into one in nursing care.