由文獻回顧檢視潘得健康促進模式

Evaluating Pender's Health Promotion Model from Literature Review

隨著世異衛生組織在1978年Alma-Ata所發表的「全民均健」宣言，健康促進被視為是護理重要的功能。潘得（Pender）是護理異唯對健康促進行為提出模式解釋的學者，而此模式也廣為護理界運用於健康促進行為的探討。理論模式須經過不同的檢測以增加其效度及信度，以理論為基礎的研究可提供了解此理論確實性（credibility）的間接證據。本文乃透過對文獻進行系統性的回顧，了解此模式的確實性，並提出討論與建議，有助於護理學門對潘得健康促進模式更進一步的了解。結果顯示大部分研究能支持模式中各概念間的關係，但仍缺乏完整檢視該模式之研究；尤其在行動相關感受（activity-related affect）、行動計畫的承諾（commitment to a plan of action）及立即性競爭需求及喜好（immediate competing demands and preferences）三個因子，在模式中的關係仍少有研究探討。建議未來應將模式更精簡，並進行介入性研究，以加強護理實務上之應用，同時加強此模式對兒童與青少年健康促進行為之探討。

Since the declaration of the goal of health for all by the World Health Organization in 1978, health promotion has been considered an important nursing function. Pender is the only person in the nursing discipline to have proposed a Health Promotion Model (HPM) to explain health promotion behavior. The model is also widely employed to examine health promotion behavior in nursing. A theoretical model should be tested with different approaches that can increase its validity and reliability. The credibility of a theoretical model can be examined through research. This article evaluates Pender's Health Promotion Model by systematically reviewing research findings. Some discussion points and suggestions are proposed. The results show that most studies could support the relationships among variables that were mentioned in the HPM; however, there was no research examining the model comprehensively. The variables of activity related effect, commitment to a plan of action, and immediate competing demands and preferences were seldom tested in HPM. Because many variables are proposed in HPM, the model needs to be made more parsimonious. Additionally, some intervention studies should be employed to test its usefulness in clinical practice. More studies of children and adolescents using HPM also should be encouraged in future.