精神衛生護理對近代生物精神醫學發展之因應與省思

Reflections on the Responses of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing to the Evolution of Biological Psychiatry

生物精神醫學從二十世紀中葉興起，使精神醫學研究焦點從心轉移到腦，科學典範也由傳統的精神動力學模式朝向心理生理精神模式的典範發展。從1990年起，精神衛生護理受到精神生物醫學許多衝擊，包括：實證性精神衛生設理興起、整合生物學觀點的護理實務工作受到重視、更開放及質疑的照護態度與方式、堅持更持續嚴謹的研討精神。重視生物精神醫學之際，精神衛生護理應同時省思，如何能掌握護理的整體觀及加強護理人員的批判性思考。精神衛生護理應在護理教育、護理實務及護理研究上加強生物精神醫學之相關知能與運用。

Biological psychiatry was prospecting by scientist in the mid-20 century. This emphasis on the brain is a shift from the focus on the function of mind. The change has led to a paradigm shift in psychiatric thought away from traditional psychodynamic models towards a model influenced by a psychobiological perspective. The impacts of the evolution of biological psychiatry on psychiatric health nursing include: focus on evidence- based psychiatric health nursing, emphasis on integrating biological knowledge into psychiatric health nursing, being open and critical in attitude and style of health care, and insisting on continuing research in psychiatric health nursing. Psychiatric health nurses should reflect the issues of holistic nursing and critical thinking, and increase the coping strategies of knowledge and skill in nursing education, nursing practice, and nursing research.