穴位按摩法應用於化學治療引發之噁心嘔吐

The Application of Acupressure for Chemotherapy-induced Nausea and Vomiting

噁心、嘔吐是化學治療中常見的副作用之一，對病人造成的影響，包括無法進食、營養攝取不足，引起脫水、電解質不平衡，甚至會造成生活品質降低，減低病人對化學治療的配合度。目前臨床上減經惡噁心嘔吐方法，包括藥物治療如給予止吐藥，及非藥物的方法如治療前四至六小時減少食物及水份的攝取，治療後採清淡飲食和保持口腔清潔，但是藥物治療副作用大，非藥物的方法則效果不甚理想。而穴位按摩，是運用手指在穴位上按壓，而達到疏通經洛、促進氣血運行和調整臟腑功能的目的，其作用原理類似於針灸，可有效的減經噁心嘔吐的症狀，且不具侵入性。本文針對穴位按摩對於減輕化學治療引起的噁心嘔吐做一綜合性探討，以提供護理人員照護癌症病人的參考，並期望穴位按摩能納入護理專業中，除了能提供給病人良好適切的護理外，也能提升護理獨特性的專業功能。

Nausea and vomiting are common side effects in patients receiving chemotherapy. They result in eating difficulty, decreased nutritional intake, dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, decreased quality of life and noncompliance to chemotherapy. The methods of managing these problems include drug therapy and nonpharmacologic interventions. Drug therapy, such as administration of antiemetic drugs, often causes side effects. Nonpharmacologic interventions include decreasing food and water intake four to six hours before chemotherapy, taking a light diet after chemotherapy, and maintaining oral hygiene, but these methods are not very effective. Acupressure, similar to acupuncture in principle, is a non-intrusive intervention. Acupressure can effectively alleviate nausea and vomiting by using the fingers to press and massage acupoints to achieve the goals of irrigating the meridians, enhancing the circulation of Qi and blood, and moderating the function of the zang and fu. This article discusses the effect of acupressure in alleviating chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, and suggests that acupressure should be applied in practice not only to provide adequate nursing care but also to promote independent nursing function.