平議《四庫全書總目》「假傳體」文類的編目與批評

Comments on the Cataloguing and Criticism of False Biographies in the Siku Quanshu

〈毛穎傳〉出，歷代仿效者眾，形成「假傳體」抒寫傳統。四庫館臣將諸作編於子部小說家類存目，有強烈批評意識，產生抒寫傳統與學術文化的牴觸情況，值得探討。本文先釋義「假傳體」小說，掌握歷代發展脈絡。其次，探討文體特色的形成與定型，追溯至六朝、唐諧隱精怪小說和史傳啟迪與影響，形成「諧趣」、「敘事」創作手法結合之寫作模式。再者，考察《四庫全書》編目與評論，解決假傳體小說在傳統小說之定位。最後平議館臣之評騭。館臣指責略苛，卻能釐清傳統目錄呈顯的小說觀念，其學術眼光須肯定且重視。本文昌在從傳統目錄學之視角，處理平時為人忽略之議題，分析中國傳統小說的撰作、界義、批評、圖書編目，以及文體爭呶之相關問題。

Han Yu's 韓愈 ＂Biography of Mao Ying＂ 毛穎傳established a tradition of false biography writing. Such works were catalogued alongside those of fiction writers in the Philosopher's Division 子部of the Siku quanshu 四庫全書, and were fiercely criticized, creating a conflict between this writing tradition and the established academic culture that bears closer examination. This paper first seeks to define this genre and understand its historical development. It then explores the formation of this form, from its literary inspirations and influences to a style of writing combining humor and narrative. Thirdly, this study investigates the cataloguing and criticism of this genre in the Siku quanshu, which will help situate false biographies within traditional fiction. Finally, this paper offers some comments on the Siku Quanshu officials' criticism of false biographies. Though their assessment is somewhat harsh, it nevertheless contributes something valuable and insightful. This research analyzes the writing, scope, cataloguing, criticism, and contentious style-related problems of traditional Chinese fiction from the perspective of traditional bibliography.