敵人或盟友：省港罷工的商人因素與政黨策略

Foes or Allies: Merchants and Political Parties in the Canton-Hong Kong Strike of 1925

1925年6月，中共為了聲援上海五卅運動，在廣州和香港發動省港罷工。罷工運動因為沙面事件而擴大，廣州和香港都對對方進行經濟封鎖。廣州中共黨團主導運動的方向和策略，國民黨左派領導的國民政府給予大力支援。罷工運動使國民黨左派和中共的權力擴張，引發國民黨右派的危機感，經濟封鎖招致廣州商人不滿。國民黨右派與商人聯合採取行動，要求政府調整策略，減少對商務活動的管制。工人部長廖仲愷被暗殺後，中共一方面協助國民黨左派翦除廣州的右派勢力，一方面提倡工商聯合，對商人讓步，以拆毀右派的群眾基礎。運動的方針也從原來的全面反帝轉為「單獨對英」。對外以及經濟策略的轉變，使廣東能夠擺脫香港的經濟掣肘，走向「經濟獨立」。右派領袖離粵後，國民黨中央幾乎為中共完全把持。至中山艦事件發生，廣州政情丕變，中共和國民黨左派的地位受到威脅。1926年10月，北伐軍進抵長江流城，需要全力支援，中共和國民黨中央因此決定結束罷工。省港罷工期間，中共靈活運用統一戰線策略，視廣州政治情勢的變化進行調整。本文對省港罷工策略與國民黨左、右派及廣州商人之間存在的複雜關係有深入的分析。

In support of the May 30 Movement of 1925 in Shanghai, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) instigated the Canton-Hong Kong strike in June. The labor movement then expanded in the wake of the Shameen Incident. This caused Canton and Hong Kong to impose economic blockades against each other. The cooperation between the CCP group in Canton and Nationalist (Guomindang-KMT) government under the control of the KMT-Ieft worried the KMT- right, which reflected merchants' concerns over the economy. After the assassination of Liao Zhongkai, the KMT-right was weakened as the CCP urged the unity of labor and merchants while making concessions to merchants. Canton thus managed to break away from Hong Kong's interference and develop a degree of economic independence. After the coup of March 20, politics in Canton were to be changed drastically, when the position of both the CCP and the KMT-Ieft was threatened. In October 1926, when the Northern Expedition Army reached the Yangtze River area and was in great need of full support from all quarters, the CCP and the KMT-center decided to terminate their respective strikes. The CCP skillfully manipulated the tactics of the United Front in the Iight of the ever-changing political situation in Canton. This article offers an in-depth analysis of the complicated relationships among the political factions, workers, and merchants.