公益通報法制之研究-以受僱者權益保障為中心

The Study of Whistleblower Protection Act-about the Rights of Employee

事業單位不法事件在世界各地仍不斷地發生，顯見，完善的防弊制度與公益通報之推動，越發重要。美國、英國及日本等國早已推動公益通報法制，提供受僱者通報事業單位不法的管道、調查機制、保護及救濟等必要之協助。反觀我國，尚處於社會共識形成及草案研擬階段，且法院面對類似的訴訟案件，囿於無完整且統一之法規範可供準據，只能適用既有法規之單一規定，對於受僱者權益保障的完整性與保護性似有不足。對於事業單位而言，公益通報可作為促進其發展與自淨功能之一種手段，因通報或揭發弊端之人多為受僱員工，受僱者對於事業單位內部之資訊與瞭解亦較健全。但受僱者於揭露事業單位弊端或不法的同時，往往遭遇到調職、降薪、終止勞動契約等不利益的對待，或有違反忠誠義務之虞，而被雇主解僱。職是，本文以受僱者保障為中心，參考與我國國情相近之日本，其推動經驗及啟示，同時蒐集我國及日本各8案的司法實例，並於檢討我國草案後，作出整體歸納，給予立法政策、制度建立與行政機關應有作為之建議。

The issue of unlaw or unethical behaviors in public or private organizations has draw attention of the international community. It is evident that a complete whistleblower protection system can reduce the occurance of corruption and misbehavior in the orgazation. Many countries, including United States, England and Japan, have enacted the Whistleblower Protection Act to provide a protection for whistlblowers. The Act establishes a mechanism to provide employees a channel to report illegal incidents, government agencies to initiate an official Investigation, and allegers or reprorters the judicial support against retatiliation acts. At present, these is no whistleblower protection law in Taiwan. Although the Taiwanese government has begun to draft the Taiwanese Whistleblower Protection Law with different perspectitive, the Act will likely take long time to pass. Before the passage of the Act, only limited laws can deal with whistle blower cases in current Taiwanese legal system and none of them can provide sufficient support or protection for whistleblowers. Threre are two major goals to establish a whistleblower protection system. From the perpective of instiution, it will be helpful to correct internal miscounducts in the organization. From the perpective of whistleblower, the sytem can avoid disclosers, who are normally employed by the orgainzaton and aware of scandels and unethical deals of the insiders, from retaliation actions by orgatination. This research is focused on the discussion of how to provide better and sufficient protection for whistleblowing employees in the framework of whistleblower protection act. The research also will conduct a comparative case law analysis between Taiwanese and Japanese. By analyzing eight cases in each country, it could be helpful to provide possible ways or approaches to build a sound Taiwanese Whistleblower Protection System.