齊國的視角──楚漢之際至漢初幾個重要階段的天下變局之詮釋

The Qi Domain’s Perspective: An Analysis of Several Important Developments in the Transition from the Chu Han Conflict to the Early Han

齊國的視角，包括從齊國的角度觀看天下，以及聚焦齊國在天下變局中扮演的角色。此一探討可以跳出傳統研究聚焦於關中的歷史詮釋，在角度互換過程中，形成多元角度的視域，理解權力中心與地方的力量如何共構並推進歷史的發展。
本文透過發生在齊國的三個重要事件重新詮釋天下變局，齊國此一爭衡天下的重要力量被凸顯了，田氏兄弟與韓信用齊的得失，以及曹參相齊的意義也得到進一步的理解與詮釋，而聚焦於關中權力中心的傳統歷史詮釋也得到不同視域的補充。而齊地優越的環境與強烈的共同體意識，使齊國在亂世易於割據獨立，但也容易使據齊者產生孤立主義的思維，自外於天下大局，這是齊地特殊的條件與歷史傳統形成的特色，值得治史者注意。

This study analyzes the period between the fall of the Qin and the rise of the Han from the perspective of the Qi 齊 domain, seeking to determine the role Qi played in this momentous historical event. In contrast to traditional studies, which focus exclusively on the Guanzhong 關中 area, the use of this perspective sheds light on the interaction between local and central authorities from a different point of view. In addition to the traditional perspective of “inside (central) to outside (local),” the adoption of the Qi domain’s perspective reveals how the operation of central and local authorities influenced historical development.
This article begins by discussing why the Qi domain had the power to play an important role at this decisive historical moment. It then advances a new interpretation of the historical changes that took place in the transition between the Chu-Han conflict and the early Han by analyzing three important incidents that occurred in Qi. This analysis highlights the importance of Qi, sheds light on the propriety of the actions of the Tian brothers and Han Xin 韓信, and explicates the effects of Cao Shen 曹參’s conduct as prime minister. In addition, the traditional explanation for these events, which focused on the central authorities in Guanzhong, is reinterpreted from a different point of view. The article concludes that Qi’s extraordinary natural environment and strong sense of community enabled the domain to remain independent and isolated in troubled times, and that Qi’s unique circumstances are worthy of historical inquiry.