災難復原力保護因子量表之建構與發展研究

The Development of the Protective Factors of Disaster Resilience Scale

本研究目的為編製並驗證一份適用臺灣本土、簡潔、涵蓋完整與具有效能的災難復原力保護因子量表，期待作為評估災難情境下復原力保護因子狀況之工具，提供災難社工服務介入與相關研究之參考。立意取樣377位莫拉克風災災民（預試樣本32位、正式樣本345位），發展過程遵照嚴謹量表發展理論，進行文獻檢閱、建立量表題庫與初稿擬定，經專家審查、預試、團隊討論修改、正式施測，進行量表修訂之項目分析、內在一致性檢驗、探索性因素分析、驗證性因素分析與外部建構效度分析等編製程序，完成六個構面（決心與問題解決技巧、個別性支持、正向特質、穩定的人際關係、自信及自我平衡與社交技巧），28個題項，沒有重複及無關項目，皆為有意義項目的量表。研究結果發現災難復原力保護因子量表題項品質良好，有好的組合信度、因素效度與某種程度的外部建構效度，且具有合理的模式適配情形。最後根據量表建構與發展結果提出實務與研究上的建議。

The purpose of this study was to develop a reliable, valid and efficient Protective Factors of Disaster Resilience Scale to evaluate resilience of disaster victims. Purposive sampling yielded 377 victims of Typhoon Morakot to participate in this study voluntarily. Data collected from 32 participants were used in the pretest, while the rest (N = 345) were used in final analyses. The researchers first reviewed literature to establish all items in this scale, then conducted item analysis and internal consistency using the pretest sample. We then conducted exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis with the formal sample. The results indicate 6 factors in the Protective Factors of Disaster Resilience Scale, including “determination and problem-solving skills”, “personal support”, “positive traits”, “stable interpersonal relationships”, “assertiveness”, and “balance-of-self and social skill.” A total of 28 items can demonstrate good composite reliability and average variance extracted. We suggest related professionals could use this scale to assess resilience both in practice and research.