新中國外交初體驗──1950年伍修權的紐約聯合國之行

New China's First Diplomatic Experience: A PRC Delegation to the United Nations in 1950

1950 年8 月，中華人民共和國政府向聯合國安全理事會控訴，指韓戰爆發後美軍進入臺灣海峽的行動侵略中國領土、傷害中國主權。這一控訴經安理會排入議程，並依例邀請北京派員出席該項問題的討論。11月24 日，北京代表團一行9 人，在團長伍修權（1908-1997）率領下飛抵紐約。這次行動是中國新政府成立後，其代表首次出現在聯合國舞台。
北京代表團抵達紐約的時刻，正值東亞冷戰高峰；中國人民志願軍進入朝鮮半島作戰，聯合國軍遭遇重大挫敗，國際社會頗有與中國協商，以政治手段解決衝突的願望。伍修權的紐約行因此被視為是了解北京意圖、建立與北京關係的重要契機，廣受各方注意。代表團除了要在外交戰場上與「帝國主義」國家一較高下，還要利用聯合國的論壇，向世界傳達中國新政權的聲音。它既是新政府的一次重要外交事件，亦為伍修權個人「深入敵境」的外交歷險。觀察此事件，可一窺韓戰期間的國際局勢與中共建政初期的外交特色。

In August 1950, the government of the Peoples Republic of China presented a complaint to the United Nations Security Council. It charged the United States military with an invasion of Chinese territory and a violation of Chinese national sovereignty as a result of America's entry into the Taiwan straits and Taiwan Island following the onset of the Korean War. The U.N. Security Council placed this complaint on its agenda and invited Beijing to send representatives to participate in discussions. On November 24, the Beijing delegation led by Wu Xiuquan arrived to New York City. This was the first time since the founding of the New China government that a delegation had attended the U.N. As it reached New York, the Cold War in Asia was approaching its climax. The Chinese Peoples Volunteer Army had penetrated the Korean peninsula the previous month and confronted a large-scale U.N. military action headed by the United States. This conflict provoked international concern and Wu's delegation, which received extensive attention, was seen as an opportunity to understand Beijing's intentions in Korea, as well as establish contact with China. Wu's mission was not just to engage diplomatically with the 'imperialist' nations, but at the same time to use the platform of the United Nations to broadcast Beijing's message to the world. This effort constituted the first significant diplomatic action of the new Chinese administration, as well as Wu Xiuquan's first diplomatic venture 'deep into enemy territory.' The episode offers a glimpse into the character of early Communist China's diplomatic policy and the manner it expressed the world view of the people of New China.