析論陸海空軍刑法第 44 條凌虐罪之適用問題－－以德國防衛刑法為借鏡*

An Analysis of Article 44 ill-treatment crime of the Armed Forces Criminal Act Focusing on the German Military Penal Code

軍中管教問題一直是社會各界關注的焦點。對此，本文從刑事法的視角切入，於第一部分先回顧我國陸海空軍刑法凌虐罪之立法沿革，再從 2014 年 1 月15 日公布施行之陸海空軍刑法第 44 條修正條文出發，提出現行條文在解釋及適用上的相關疑義。由於我國陸海空軍刑法第 44 條規定係承襲自德國防衛刑法，且德國法針對凌虐及非人道待遇等概念有非常詳盡的討論，因此，在第二部分，本文將自比較法的觀點，介紹德國防衛刑法中有關凌虐罪之相關規定，以供我國借鏡。在第三部分，本文將比較兩國法制之異同，並自德國法之啟示回頭檢討我國現行陸海空軍刑法第 44 條之各類凌虐罪規定，嘗試梳理出軍隊管教措施應有的刑法界限，最後提出本文淺見，以供未來實務運作及修法之參考。

The issue of discipline in the military has always been a matter of social concern. In the first part, this article will review the legislative history of ill-treatment crime of the Taiwanese Armed Forces Criminal Act and then arm to discuss Article 44 ill-treatment crime. The current provisions of ill-treatment crime are still uncertain and need to be clarified its meaning. In this regard, the German Military Penal Code and related literature have rather detailed explanation about torture and inhuman degrading. Thus, in the second part, this article will introduce the relevant provisions of the German Military Penal Code in hopes of finding areas that Taiwan can learn from. In the third part, this article will compare ill-treatment crime between Taiwan and Germany and then review Article 44 ill-treatment crime of the Taiwanese Armed Forces Criminal Act. Finally, the author will provide some concrete suggestions for future practical operation and legal policy.