刑事自由心證之研究

A study on Free Evaluation of Evidence in Criminal Procedure

認定犯罪事實，須先有積極證據存在，除應摒除不具關聯性及無證據能力之證據外，即證據資格之要求，且證據尚須經合法調查。除此之外，在個案程序上應注意有無行使緘默權或拒絕證言權之情形，以及在事實推論認定上有無運用自白、超法規等補強法則，須有補強證據之基本要求，如有此類情況，均應予以重視及審慎判斷。當證據調查所呈現結果，主觀上對於事實之認定，如無法形成超越無合理懷疑之有罪心證，此時即應推定事實為無，藉以維護人權。至對於事實論斷過程必須具備合理性，萬不能超脫經驗法則及論理法則之範圍而為恣意認定，且於判決書中也必須詳載理由，以作為事後檢驗的基礎。

The facts of a crime must be proved by positive evidence that should be excluded from inadmissible evidence, and still having been lawfully investigated. In addition, attention should be paid to whether the right to silence or the right of refuse to testify, as well as corroborative rules be applied in the criminal trial. When the findings of the evidence investigation, the subjective determination of the facts, such as not be proved to beyond a reasonable doubt, this time an accused should be presumed to be innocent, in order to safeguard human rights. The process of factual judgment must be reasonable, cannot be contrary to the rules of experience and logic, and a written judgment must also be detailed reasons.