柳杉木醋液之抗木材腐朽菌活性

Antifungal Activity of Wood Vinegar Produced from Cryptomeria Japonica

本研究探討以機械窯產之柳杉木醋液靜置6個月後，再以分配法分離成乙醚萃取木醋液、酸性物質、酚性物質與中性物質等4大類，以GC-MS鑑定其有機成分，發現乙醚萃取木醋液的有機成分以醋酸含量最多；酸性物質中以醋酸含量最高，丙酸及丁酸次之；酚性物質均以酚含量最高，其他尚有2-甲氧基酚、3-甲基酚等；中性物質之主要成分為呋喃類及環戊烯酮類衍生物為主。再以固態平板試驗法評估此4類物質之抗木材腐朽菌活性，其中木材腐朽菌包括2種白腐菌之樺褶孔菌（Lenzites betulina）及雲芝菌（Trametes versicolor）與2種褐腐菌之硫磺菌（Laetiporus sulphureus）及密粘褶菌（Gloeophyllum trabeum）；試驗結果發現，在濃度800(μg/mL時，乙醚萃取木醋液及酚性物質對木材腐朽菌抑制效果最佳，但略遜於市售ACQ防腐劑；當濃度提高至1200μg/mL時，乙醚萃取木醋液可完全抑制白腐菌之生長，而酚性物質則可完全抑制白腐菌及褐腐菌之生長，且防腐效能均不亞於市售ACQ者。

In this study, the wood vinegar was made from Cryptomeria japonica using steel kiln and standing for 6 months. The 4 kinds of fractions including ether-extracted wood vinegar, acidic, phenolic and neutral fractions of wood vinegars were obtained by partition method. By the GC-MS analysis, the main organic component was the acidic compounds for the ether-extracted wood vinegar; in acidic fraction was acetic acid, followed by propanoic acid and butanoic acid; in phenolic fraction was phenol, followed by 2-methoxy-phenol and 3-methy-lphenol; in the neutral fractions were furfural and cyclopentenone derivatives. According to agar plate assay, the antifungal activity of organic compounds against four wood decay fungi including 2 white-rot fungi Lenzites betulina and Trametes versicolor and 2 brown-rot fungi Laetiporus sulphureus and Gloeophyllum trabeum demonstrated that the ether-extracted wood vinegar and phenolic fraction had the highest antifungal index at the concentration of 800 (μg/mL, however, they were still inferior to the commercial wood preservative ACQ. When the concentration was increased to 1,200 μg/mL, the white-rot fungi could be completely inhibited by the ether-extracted wood vinegar as well as the white-rot fungi and brown-rot fungi by the phenolic firaction, Furthermore, the antifungal efficiency of ether-extracted wood vinegar and phenolic fraction stood comparison with the commercial ACQ.