都市人、車流量與街道空間型態之關連性分析－－以新竹市為例

The Analysis of Correlation Between Urban Pedestrian Flow, Vehicle Flow and Street Spatial Pattern

台灣的道路設計常被批評「重車本、輕人本」，常為滿足車輛通行效率，讓步行空間受到極大的壓迫；故本文主要目的即要探討都市人、車流量與街道空間型態的關係，並瞭解實證地區之道路設計是否有重車、輕人之傾向。本研究將街道空間型態分為「人行環境」和「道路環境」兩類，其中「人行環境」的變項有：人行道平均寬、總步行空間平均寬度、人行道長度建置率、總步行空間長度建置率，「道路環境」的變項有：全區道路便捷度（Rn）、地區道路便捷度（R3）、路寬、土地使用強度。本研究結果顯示：(1)人行環境建置越充足的路段人流量越高；總步行空間長度建置率對人流量的正向影響力最大，其次是土地使用強度。(2)路寬是影響車流量最重要的因子，其次是全區性道路便捷度，再則是土地使用強度。(3)空間型構之道路便捷度可以有效預測車流量，但對於人流量之解釋能力有限。(4)道路空間設計有偏重車行需求，而輕忽步行環境之傾向。

The road design in Taiwan is often criticized for 'valuing traffic more than pedestrian'. In order to meet the efficiency of vehicle traffic, walking space is often greatly oppressed. Therefore, this study will explore the relationship between urban pedestrian flow, traffic flow and street spatial pattern, and understand whether road design tends to emphasize vehicles more than pedestrian. We classify the street spatial pattern into 'pedestrian environment' and 'road environment' categories. The former has variables, such as the average sidewalk width and ratio of the length, average total pedestrian width and ratio of the length, and the latter's variables are global integration (Rn), local integration (R3), road width, and land use intensity. The results show that: (1) the roads with more sufficient pedestrian facilities have the pedestrian flow more, and the length of the pedestrian space built is the most factor affecting the pedestrian flow, followed by land use intensity. (2) The road width is the most important factor affecting the traffic flow, followed by the global integration (Rn) and land use intensity. (3) The space syntax can effectively predictor the traffic flow, but have restrictedly capability for the interpretation of the pedestrian flow. (4) The road space design has the tendency to focus on traffic flow demands, and to underestimate the pedestrian environment.