淹水對沿海地層下陷區之貧窮家庭的社會影響－－以台灣西海岸漁村為例

The Social Impacts on the Economically Vulnerable from Threat of Flooding: the case of Finishing Villages in the West Coast of Taiwan

本研究檢視淹水對於台灣西海岸地層下陷區貧窮家庭之社會影響，此區域被認定為台灣第一批氣候變遷難民之地區。此地區淹水之主要原因為地層下陷的問題，也因為全球氣候變遷，海平面上升，驟雨增加之故。本研究的調查時間為2010年的10-12月，針對中低收入與低收入家庭的普查，成功問卷有177戶。主要發現如下：（一）67.2%的家庭在2009-2010年夏天經歷淹水的問題。（二）在14個社會影響指標中，影響最大的有：交通、心理健康、住家房子、家中經濟、工作、電與水的使用。（三）家中有孩子／老人、主要家計負擔者為女性、自我評估健康較差者、主觀貧窮者都是解釋淹水的社會影響的重要因素。然而，這些漁村的社會支持網絡仍不可忽略。最後，本文強調淹水的社會影響是多層面的，政府不應忽略此議題的複雜性：同時環境正義的議題也需要更加地重視。

The purpose of the paper is to examine the impacts of floods on the poor in fishing villages where had been identified as the first climate refugees on the west coast of Taiwan. Besides the land subsidence, people also experience the risk of floods due to the increase of precipitation and the rise of sea levels. The structured questionnaire method and face-to-face interviews had been conducted from Oct. to Dec., 2010. All poor households receiving public cash assistances had been interviewed. The sample size is 177. The main findings are as follows: (1) 67.2% of the respondents experienced the flood damages during 2009 and 2010, particularly in summer. (2) Among the 14 indicators of social impacts, poor people suffered most in terms of transportations, mental health, housing, economic insecurity, employment, electricity and water usage. And (3) Poor families with children, poor families with elderly, females, people with poor self-rated health and high subjective poverty were significant factors for explaining the social impacts of the flooding. However, one still can find strengths from those economically disadvantaged. The level of social support and the level of community solidarity were not low in those villages. Finally, the social impacts of floods are multi-dimensional but governments usually ignore the complexity of the flood impacts. The issue of environmental justice needs to be reemphasized when discussing flood risk exposures.