以法院為基礎的社會工作家事調解歷程之初探

An Exploring Research on Court-based Social Work Family Conciliation Process

本文描述以法院為基礎的社會工作家事調解服務之案件概況，並就社工師團隊之實務調解經驗探討社會工作家事調解歷程。研究對象與方法：以社工師團隊在台中地方法院歷時一年的調解個案記錄進行描述分析，共二五三份，並對九名調解員進行深度訪談。研究結果：訴訟議題以離婚(71.4%)及未成年子女親權歸屬議題(41.7%)最多；82.2%原告／聲請人是女性；當事人年齡以36歲以上居多；87.4%的當事人是無婚姻關係或已分居；93.9%當事人有未成年子女，其年齡以7歲以上最多；66.8%被告／相對人被指稱／呈現有問題，其問題以施行婚姻暴力（肢體）最多(50.6%)。該團隊實際調解率52.9%。調解結果與當事人之「原告／聲請人性別」、「婚姻狀況」、「被告／相對人被指稱／呈現有問題」，以及調解員之「案件所屬年份」、「調解資歷」、「調解案量」變項有顯著關聯。研究者依據調解員深度訪談資料將其調解歷程分為三個調解階段、十個任務、以及達成各階段任務的調解技巧。研究結果顯示以法院為基礎的社會工作家事調解歷程是一個短期促使當事人理性合作，使其發展雙方合意方案以解決紛爭的過程。社會工作調解員致力於促使雙方當事人發展紛爭解決方案，使其方案能夠兼顧到未成年子女的基本需求與最佳利益，同時也重視當事人的家庭系統與資源的運用。

This paper drawn a picture of the cases in court-based family conciliation and a preliminary process of court-based social work family conciliation via the practical social work conciliation team discussed. Research participants and methods: descriptive analysis of 253 case records of Taichung District Court in a period of one year and in-depth interview of 9 conciliators. Result of research: Most of the litigate issues are divorce (71.4%) and guardianship (41.7%). Most of the petitioners/demandants are women (82.2%). The majority litigants are over 36 years old, 87.4% do not have marriage relation or live apart, 93.9% have children and the age of the children are mostly over 7. Many respondents/counterparts are accused/appeared problematically (66.8%), the majority are domestic violence (50.6%). The actual conciliation rate is 52.9% and which is associated with the litigants (sex of the petitioners/demandants, marital status of the litigants, the respondents/counterparts be accused/appeared problematically) and the conciliators' experience (year of the cases, seniority of the conciliators, quantity of caseload). The conciliation process includes three stages and ten tasks, the related skills are also addressed. The result of this research shows that the court-based family conciliation process is a short-term intervention of encouraging the litigants to reasonably cooperate with each other and enhancing an agreeable dispute resolution. Throughout the process, social work conciliators devote to assisting the litigants in negotiating an agreement which they accept and consistent with their children's needs and best interests. Family systems and resources are also emphasized.