影響睡眠品質之職場相關因子研究

The effects of work-related factors on sleep quality

本研究之目的旨在探討職場工作者睡眠品質之相關因素，以供職場推動健康促進之參考。本研究採橫斷式調查研究法，以立意取樣選取臺北市立醫院十家院區接受健康檢查之職場工作者為研究對象，有效樣本為391人。研究工具包括以「匹茲堡睡眠品質量表」評估研究對象的睡眠品質狀況；以「工作特質量表」及自擬問卷來收集研究對象之社會人口學、工作狀況、物質暴露、健康行為及工作特質等變項。研究結果有以下重要發現：一、本研究對象在社會人口學方面，男性多於女性、專科教育程度以上者佔80%，年齡45歲以上、收入低於34,000元者居多。工作狀況方面，編制正式員工佔88%、每週工作時數大於48小時佔半數以上、非輪班工作者佔84%，另外以每週加班1-2天、工作不耗費體力者居多。在物質暴露方面，以無暴露者佔大半數，其中以噪音暴露最高佔54%。在健康行為方面，以每週飲用咖啡頻率2杯以上、有飲酒者佔半數以上，從未吸菸、嚼檳榔者居多。工作特質方面，則以被動型者居多，其次為高壓力型者。另本研究對象之睡眠品質量表分數，總平均分數達5.47±3.25，整體而言，睡眠品質呈現不佳。二、研究對象與睡眠品質之關係，以男性、教育程度專科以上、收入較高、編制正式員工、每週工作時數≦48小時、每週不用加班、不用輪班工作、工作不耗費體力、無職場物質暴露、每週飲用1杯咖啡以下頻率及工作特質為被動型者，其睡眠品質較佳。三、社會人口學、工作狀況、物質暴露、健康行為、工作特質變項可有效預測其睡眠品質，可解釋其總變異量的24.3%，其中「收入狀況」及「工作特質」為影響睡眠品質之最重要的預測因子。本研究依結論提出對職場健康促進推動單位之建議，以期改善職場工作者之睡眠品質，提升其生活品質。

The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors associated with self-evaluated sleep quality among workers and provide some suggestions for health promotion program at workplace. Using cross-sectional survey, 391 subjects who had undergone health check-ups at 10 city hospital campus was selected by convenience sampling method. Self-reported measures of income, education, sleep quality (PSQI) and job content (JDCS) was designed for questionnaire. The major findings of this study were: 1. The sociodemographic picture of this study revealed that male was more than female, college educational level above was 80%, aged 45 above and income NT$ 34,000 under were the dominants among whole sampling. In labor condition variable, the formal employees was 88%, working hours over 48 hours weekly workers were more than 50%, not shifting workers were 84%, extraworking 1-2 days weekly and light physical workers were the dominants among whole sampling. Non- substance exposure workers were more than 50% of whole sampling but only the noisy exposure workers were 54%. In health behavior variable, coffee drinking 2 cups more weekly and alcoholic drinking workers were more than 50% of whole sampling, non-smoking and non-betel nut chewing worker were dominants among whole sampling. In job content variable, the passive type was the dominant one and next by highly job stress type. The average PSQI global score of total subjects was 5.47±3.25 and it revealed that the sleeping quality were the worse of sleep quality variable. 2. The correlation between sleep quality and subjects, male, college educational level above, higher income, formal employee, working hours under 48 hours weekly, non extraworking workers, no shifting work and light physical work, non-substance exposure, one cup coffee drinking weekly under and passive type workers had a better sleep quality. 3. While exploring the predictive important variables of social demography, working condition, substance exposure, health behavior, and job content towards the sleep quality, it could explain 24.3% of total variation. Of them, “income status” and ”job content” were the most important predictive factors for influence of workers’ sleep quality. In order to improve the sleep quality for workers, some suggestions for health promotion programming were provided also