台北市某國中學生氣喘疾病狀況、家庭環境狀況與參加衛生教育意願之研究

A study of asthmatic disease status, family environment, and willing to participate educational program of students in a Taipei junior high school

背景與目的：氣喘是世界矚目的健康問題，影響學童的學習與生活品質，也增加醫療費用的支出。本研究目的在探討台北市國中氣喘學生的疾病狀況、家庭環境狀況及家長和學生接受氣喘衛生教育的意願。735位七年級學生為樣本，有效樣本為672件，回收率91.4%。資料經統計分析後，得主要結果如下：（1）本研究篩檢出86名氣喘學生與14名疑似氣喘學生，由此推算研究對象氣喘盛行率為12.8%。（2）氣喘學生除接受藥物治療外，對於其他醫囑中有關照護的遵從性都低；而使用的藥物以吸入性乙型支氣管擴張劑與不同型式的類固醇較多。（3）氣喘學生受到最大的影響是日常活動與睡眠。（4）有一半以上的氣喘學生之家庭家環境有二手菸、蟑螂或老鼠等過敏原的問題。（5）家長本身參加氣喘衛生教育的意願不高，但正常、疑似氣喘及氣喘的三組家長同意學生參加衛生教育的意願都過半，且三者之間在統計上有顯著的差異。本研究建議除加強氣喘的診療與研發外，應結合學校、家庭、醫療院所與社區資源，消除家庭、學校與社區物質環境中的氣喘危險因素，發展以學校為本體的氣喘衛生教育計畫，改善學生的學習環境、生活品質與降低醫療費用支出。

Asthma is a healthy problem around the world. It makes asthmatic students’ quality of life worse and increases the social-economic cost. The purpose of this study was to understand the prevalence of asthma and its disease status, family environment and their willing to participate in asthma educational programs. The subjects were 735 7th graders in a Taipei junior high school. The response rate was 91.4%. We used the SPSS 13.0 edition software to analyze the collected data. The results of this study include: (1) Total of 86 asthmatic students and 14 suspected asthmatic students were screened out. The prevalence of asthma in the study was 12.8%. (2)Some of asthmatic students take medical treatment, but they seldom take follow-up in clinics and trials to improve self-management abilities. They usually used inhaled bronchodilator and steroid. (3) The daily activities and sleep of some asthmatic students was severely influenced. (4) Over half of asthmatic students’ family have the problems of second-hand smoking, cockroach and mouse. (5) Over half of the study subjects’ parents agree their children to participate the asthma educational program, although most of the parents will not participate the program themselves: The participating rate of asthmatic students was the highest in the three groups. The difference has statistic significance (P< .05 ). We suggest that the parents, schools and communities should focus on these asthmatic issues to improve the asthmatic students’ learning performance and quality of life and to reduce the increasing social-economic cost.