形塑網路主權與爭辯網路治理：中國大陸就全球網路規範的戰略敘事運用

Shaping Cyber Sovereignty and Contesting Internet Governance: China’s Strategic Narratives in Cyber Norms

本文的研究標的，聚焦在近年來國際社會對於網路規範形塑過程的外交角力，並置重點於中國大陸在聯合國場域就網路主權意念之戰略敘事運用。回顧過去探討中國大陸角色之國際規範研究，多著重於剖析國際建制的約束效用，亦或探究國際社會如何融入中國大陸於既有國際秩序體制內。然網路空間相較其他國際議題場域，方於晚近才成為各國矚目的競爭領域，當前國際社會對網路空間的治理模式，仍缺乏一強而有力之國際建制或一體適用的普遍共識。也因此本文異於過去著重瞭解國際規範如何對中國大陸產生社會化效用的研究議程，並試圖運用國際關係理論中戰略敘事的分析視角，檢視中國大陸如何形塑國際規範的發展過程。本文主張，中國大陸透過掌握話語權的外交手段，形成不費一槍一彈的擴張其對網路空間的影響力，並建立有利環境以形塑國內外價值。即便當西方國家對其網路主權提案採取異議時，仍能形成有力國際話語，以支持其主張以主權國家為主體之網路治理願景。

This paper aims to investigate the diplomatic negotiation in the shaping of emerging cyber norms by the international community. In particular, the emphasis has been placed on understanding China’s strategic narratives of cyber sovereignty at the United Nations. The existing research related to the study of international norms and China focuses on either the constraining effects in international norms’ utility on China’s activities or how to encompass China into the existing international social order. Nevertheless, neither of these approaches would be appropriate for the study of cyberspace, as cyberspace is a latecomer in the discussion of international norms. There are also no recognized rules or consensus to begin with. Hence, this article takes a distinct, yet different approach from the past research agenda, which often emphasizes socializing China into the existing international order. Namely, this paper intends to implement the Strategic Narrative from International Relations to unpack the exercise of language in the current Chinese making of cyber norms. This paper argues that China’s successful leverage of discursive practice creates a compelling Chinese story, which helps to enhance its international influence in this critical issue-area without firing a single bullet. China was able to create a global environment in her favor by discursively shaping the domestic and international values on cyberspace and steering direction of cyber norms. This strategic condition allows China to pursue an alternative agenda of cyberspace governance centered around the conventional idea of state sovereignty, even when Western countries continue to express their disapproval.