家庭社經對台灣北部嬰幼兒出生至二歲飲食攝取及生長發展之影響

An examination of the effect of family socioeconomic status on dietary intakes and growth development from birth to two years of age in northern Taiwan

目標：長期追蹤世代研究，探討不同家庭社經背景之嬰幼兒營養素攝取及哺餵方式與生長發展情形。方法：依家庭社經背景分成三組，並使用24小時飲食回憶評估，分析405名出生至2歲嬰幼兒其營養素攝取及哺餵方式。結果：不同家庭社經背景分組，出生至2歲的嬰幼兒體型在三組間無顯著差異。2歲時的營養素攝取情況，三組間也無顯著差異。嬰幼兒哺餵方式，雖然在嬰幼兒第6個月時，配方奶哺餵率以高社經組最低(42%, p=0.03)，母乳哺餵率以高社經組最高(33%, p=0.06)，但2歲時不同的哺餵方式其三組間無達顯著差異。此外母乳哺餵時間、副食品開始添加之月齡，隨著社經地位增高而增加，其中高社經組母乳哺餵時間最高（約6個月）；配方奶哺餵時間則是相反。完全哺餵母乳月數與副食品開始添加月齡呈顯著正相關，與副食品開始添加月齡呈顯著負相關。結論：不同社經背景之家庭，其哺餵狀況雖然不盡相同，但在2歲時的營養素攝取無顯著的差異，並且不會造成嬰幼兒營養攝取及生長上的顯著差異。

Objectives: We examined the effect of family socioeconomic status on nutrient intakes, feeding patterns, and the growth development of infants. Methods: Participants were divided into three groups according to the family socioeconomic status: low socioeconomic status, middle socioeconomic status, and high socioeconomic status. We analyzed the dietary intake by 24- hour recall by parents of 405 healthy infants from birth to two years of age. Results: Growth development (weight, length and head circumference) of infants in the three groups were not significantly different from age 0 to 2. The nutrient intakes of infants in the three groups were not significantly different at age 2. The proportion of formula feeding in the high socioeconomic group was significantly lowest (42%, p=0.03) at the 6th month, and the proportion of breastfeeding in the high socioeconomic group was highest (33%, p=0.06). The feeding methods for infants in the three groups were not significantly different at age 2. Family socioeconomic status was positively associated with the duration of breastfeeding and the month in which infants started to consume complementary food. The duration of exclusive breastfeeding in the high socioeconomic group was significantly highest (about 6 months). On the other hand, family socioeconomic status was negatively associated with the month in which infants started to consume complementary food. Conclusions: The family socioeconomic status of infants may affect the feeding patterns from birth to two years of age, but nutrient intakes and growth development at age 2 did not show significant differences.