台北市某行政區老人健康促進活動參與及其相關因素探討

Participation in health promotion activities and related factors among the elderly in a selected district in Taipei City, Taiwan

目標：台灣人口老化快速，老人健康促進活動在各地持續推展，本研究探討台北市某行政區老人參與健康服務中心辦理之健康促進活動情形及其動機因素、阻礙因素。方法：本研究採橫斷式問卷調查法。研究對象為設籍且居住於台北市某行政區年滿65歲（含）以上之老人，採分層隨機抽樣方式，依年齡分層為65-74歲、75-84歲及85歲以上，有效樣本共計375位。以結構式問卷進行相關資料收集，問卷內容包括個人基本變項及個人特質、健康促進活動參與動機因素及阻礙因素。結果：約有35.5%老人曾經參與健康服務中心辦理之健康促進活動；參與的活動類型以健康篩檢為最多。以多變項邏輯斯迴歸分析顯示：女性、是否擔任志工、外在誘因取向、資訊障礙、個人障礙為影響老人健康促進參與之統計顯著因素。結論：規劃老人健康促進活動時需善用資訊傳播的途徑，考量老人的體力、視力、聽力及識字程度，並鼓勵老人擔任志工。建議政府將身體活動列為重點，整合社區資源並規劃無障礙設施及交通系統，以提高老人參與之意願，維持其健康並預防及延緩失能。

Objectives: This study investigated participation in health promotion activities, related motivators and barriers among the elderly in a selected district in Taipei City, Taiwan. Methods: The cross-sectional study included 375 persons over the age of 65 years. A stratified random sampling method was used, and the subjects were divided into three age groups: 65 to 74 years of age, 75 to 84 years of age, and 85 years of age and older. The data was collected by personal interviews to complete the structured questionnaires including demographics, motivators to participation in health promotion activity scale and barriers to participation in health promotion activity scale. Results: The participation rate of the health promotion activities in this study was 35.5%. The most popular activity was health screenings. Multivariable logistic regression analyses indicated that statistically significant factors influencing participation included female gender, voluntary participation, fewer barriers to information about the activity, lower degrees of individual disability, and higher external incentives for participation. Conclusions: When one is planning health promotion activities in the elderly, the channels for disseminating information should be considered. The physical, visual, hearing and literacy levels of the elderly should be taken into account, and they should be encouraged to become volunteers. We suggest that the Government focus on physical activity for the elderly, integrate community resources, and plan barrier-free facilities and transportation systems to enhance their willingness to participate in health promotion activities in order to maintain their health and prevent or delay disability.