日語漢字讀音「長音」與閩南語韻母的對應研究

Correspondence Study between the Japanese Kanji’s Long Vowel and the Simple / Compound Vowel of a Minnan Language Syllable

筆者在教授日語的時候，常常遇到學習者的發音問題。尤其是日語特殊拍發音之一〈長音〉可說很難掌握的。學習者常常把該發長音的漢字念成短音（非長音），又把不必發長音的漢字反而念成長音。在台灣的日語學習者之中懂閩南語的人很多。所以詮釋日語的長音與閩南語韻母的對應關係的話，筆者相信對台灣的日語學習者習得漢字讀音有很大的幫助。研究範圍定為日語《常用漢字表》的2,136字。筆者從《常用漢字表》的2,136個挑出了發長音的650個漢字。然後調查每一個發長音漢字的閩南語韻母有哪一些。提出了這些韻母，就可以把握閩南語韻母與日語長音的對應關係。再來，找出一定要發長音的韻母以及一定不發長音的韻母。還有，有些韻母有時發長音有時不發長音，針對這些韻母計算發長音的百分比（長音率），作為掌握日語漢字長音讀音學習上的參考。

When teaching the Japanese language, the author finds that learners often encounter pronunciation problems. Particularly difficult to grasp is the of one of the Japanese special pronunciation. The learners often pronounce the Kanji’s long vowel as short vowel (non-long vowel) and unnecessarily pronounce long vowel for the Kanji which do not require long vowel pronunciation. Most learners of the Japanese language in Taiwan understand Minnan Language. As such, the author is of the view that by providing explanatory notes of the correspondence relationship between the Japanese long vowel and the simple/compound vowel of a Minnan Language syllable, it would be very useful for the learners in Taiwan to grasp the issue of the Japanese long vowel. The scope of research, based on the “Commonly-used Kanji’s List” of the Japanese language, covers 2,136 words in total. The author selects 650 words with long vowels from the above-mentioned 2,136 words. From these selected words, the author then studies the Kanji's long vowels and finds those that correspond to the simple/compound vowels of Minnan langauge syllable. With this information, the opposing relationship between the simple/compound vowel of a Minnan language syllable and the long vowel of the Japanese langauge can be determined. Additionally, the need to pronounce a Kanji with either a long vowel or a regular one can be determined. Furthermore, sometimes a Minnan language syllable requires long vowel pronunciation, other times it requires regular pronunciation. Measuring the percentage of how a Minnan language syllable requires long vowel pronunciation can be a useful reference for learners to understand the pronunciation of the long vowels in the Japanese language.