從工作到退休的生涯轉換：成功老化者的準備與適應歷程

From Work to Retirement: The Successful Agers’ Retirement Preparation and Adaptation

近年來，無論是高齡人口發展的趨勢、高齡教育政策的取向、高齡者的需求層面，以及國內外的相關研究都顯示出，成功老化是重要的議題。本研究以30位成功老化者為對象，透過半結構式訪談進行資料蒐集，目的是瞭解受訪者如何準備與適應退休生活及其對成功老化的意涵。研究結果顯示：（1）退休準備的觀念與行動包括：有退休目標、需要1-5年的準備時間、評估個人的能力與需求、培養與延續興趣，進行職場經驗的傳承；（2）退休後生活的適應包括心境樂觀、積極學習、反思生活的意義，以及進行生活的調適與規劃；（3）透過學習可能有助於進行退休準備與退休適應，並促進成功老化。本研究的結果可提供高齡教育工作者在設計或執行教育方案時的參考。

The trend of aging population, the policies and needs of the elderly, as well as the relevant research demonstrate that successful aging is an important issue in this century. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 30 successful agers to understand the preparation and adaptation of the retirement life. The findings are as follows: 1. The retirement preparation concepts and actions include having the goal of retirement, needing 1-5 years of preparation, fostering and continuing the existing interests, and transferring professional experiences in the workplace. 2. The post-retirement adaptation includes maintaining optimistic attitudes, active learning activities, reflections of life meaning, as well as the adaptation and planning of life. 3. It may be helpful to achieve successful aging while the elderly prepare and adapt to their retirement through learning. These findings serve as references for the practitioners in planning and implementing educational programs for the elder people.