災難精神醫學：世越渡輪事故生還者的危機治療

Psychiatric Interventions in National Disasters: The Rôle of Psychiatrists for Survivor Victims in the Sewol Ferry Accident

世越號渡輪於2014年4月16日早晨在從仁川駛往濟州的途中沉沒。船上的476人當中只有174人獲救生還，當中包括78位高校學生。這78位青少年（15至17歲）都是安山市檀園高等學校的學生。所有的受難者跟生還者，都住在同一個小社區內。65位生還者被送往韓國大學醫院住院，而另有4名生還者住進了他們居住地附近的地方綜合醫院。一個包括精神科醫師與心理師的處理團隊提供了生還者精神科的介入與結構化晤談，及團體治療、藝術治療、音樂治療等。這些生還者在2014年4月30日出院，但其中四人因出現自殺意念、焦慮及失眠而延長住院時間以接受額外的密集介入。當時，這些世越號沉船事件的受害者及生還者，都受到了韓國政府資助的系統化精神科介入。韓國大學醫院的工作人員由此學習到了寶貴的經驗，能幫忙治療未來可能災難的受害者們。

The sinking of the Sewol ferry took place in the morning of April 16, 2014 en route from Incheon to Jeju. Of 476 people on board, only 174 survivors including 78 high school students were rescued. Those 78 teenagers (15-17 years old) were students of Danwon High School located in the Ansan city. All the victims and survivors are living in a small community. Sixty-five survivors were admitted to Korea University Hospital and 4 survivors were admitted to a local general hospi- tal near their residences. The management team consisting psychiatrists and psy- chologists, had provided them psychiatric intervention with organized interview with the survivors, group therapy, art therapy, music therapy, etc. The survivors were discharged from the hospital on April 30, 2014. Four survivors had extended hospitalization for additional intensive interventions due to the presence of their suicidal ideation, anxiety, and insomnia. For the time, the victims and survivors of the Sewol ferry accident, received government-provided systemic psychiatric in- terventions in Korea. The staff at Korea University Hospital have learned valuable experiences, which can help treat future disaster victims.