台灣社區老人流行病學研究中心憂鬱量表（CES-D）之因素結構分析

Factor Structure of the 11-item Version of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) among Community Dwelling Older Adults in Taiwan

目的：本研究欲探討流行病學研究中心11題版本的憂鬱量表(CES-D)在台灣65歲以上老人的因素結構及其信度分析。方法：本研究採用次級資料進行探索性因素結構及信度分析。資料來源為中央研究院學術調查研究中心資料庫2007年『高齡社會的來臨：為2025年的台灣社會規劃之整合研究─不同世代對於老年生活的需求、服務提供以及價值偏好的調查研究（65歲以上）』之調查資料。結果：本研究探索性因素分析之結果以CES-D11題四因素之解釋量最佳，該四因素：憂鬱情緒（特徵值為3.42，可解釋變異量23.50%）、正向情緒（特徵值為1.21，可解釋變異量16.08%）、身體症狀（特徵值為0.74，可解釋變異量12.58%）及睡眠困擾（特徵值為0.52，可解釋變異量10.98%），積解釋總變異量為63.13%。這些因素與先前的研究發現不同。結論：本研究兩次探索性因素分析的結果發現以11題項CES-D來篩檢居住於台灣社區老人的憂鬱症狀，四個因素的結構是最佳結構。然而，在未來的研究與臨床上的應用方面，需依據本地文化進一步地進行修正與效度考驗。

Objectives:The purpose of the present study was to analyze the factor struc-ture and reliability of the 11-item version of the Center for Epidemiological Stud-ies Depression Scale (CES-D) among community dwelling older adults in Taiwan. Methods:This study was to conduct an exploratory factor and reliability analysis of the data using CES-D 11-item version of that study project. Data for this study were drawn from 1,308 elder persons who were under a study project entitled “The Social Survey on Attitude Towards Needs, Provision of Services, Preferences for Late Life: Perspectives from Different Generations” in Survey Research Data Ar-chive (SRDA) 2007. Results:The result of two exploratory factor analyses showed that a four-factor model was the best structure. The four factors--Depressed Affect (eigenvalue 3.42 and 23.50% of variance), Positive Affect (eigenvalue 1.21 and 16.08% of variance), Somatic Problems (eigenvalue 0.74 and 12.58% of vari-ance), and Sleep Disturbance (eigenvalue 0.52 and 10.98% of variance)-- had ac-cumulated variance of 63.13%. Conclusion:The results of this study suggest that a four-factor model of general depression is the best structure for the 11-item version of CES-D, among community dwelling older adults in Taiwan. But it needs to refine and validate CES-D in the context of local culture for future research and clinical implication.