比較莫拉克水災與集集地震倖存者創傷後壓力症狀

A Comparison of Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms in Survivors of the Chi-Chi Earthquake and Morakot Flood

目的：本研究主要探討莫拉克水災與集集地震兩種不同災難型態後倖存者的創傷後壓 力症狀的比率，以提供後續重建工作計算所需專業人力參考。方法：本研究是在南台灣莫 拉克水災後15 個月後，對受災區倖存者共771 人（ 男性337 人，女性434 人）進行訪查， 並與集集地震後21 個月的鄰近震央中台灣某村居民461 人（ 男性214 人，女性228 人）的 歷史資料作比較分析。結果：針對不同類型災難倖存者的創傷後壓力症狀比較結果顯示： 兩組受訪者的基本資料有差異，但兩起天然災難後災民在創傷後壓力症狀比率無明顯差 異(6.9% vs. 5.0%)；創傷後壓力相關症狀中「經驗再現」症狀層面比率無明顯差異(20.3% vs. 23.4%)；但莫拉克水災之倖存者對於「逃避與麻木」的反應有相對較高比例之類似症狀 (15.3% vs. 10.4%)，相對於莫拉克水災倖存者，集集地震的倖存者在「過度警醒」的五個症 候群則有較高之比率(4.0% vs. 19.7%)。結論：兩起天災皆造成倖存者相當比例之創傷後壓 力症狀；了解盛行率可以當作評估投入專業人力分析的依據，因此，本結果可以做為心理重 建的參考。

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSSs) in survivor of the Morakot Flood and the Chi-Chi Earthquake. Methods: We surveyed 771 survivors (337 males and 434 females, with an average age of 42.0 ± 15.2 years of age) 15 months after the Morakot Flood in southern Taiwan and compared the statistics with the previous data for 461 victims (209 males and 252 females, with an average age of 54.3 ± 18.1 years of age) in a village close to the epicenter in central Taiwan 21 months after the Chi-Chi Earthquake. This study compared the prevalence of the PTSSs occurrence after those two different natural disasters. Results: We found that in this study there were signifi cant differences in the demographic data between the two groups, and that no signifi cant statistical variances existed in PTSSs (6.9% vs. 5.0%) or in the re-experience category (20.3% vs. 23.4%). We also found that the survivors of the Morakot Flood reported a signifi cantly higher prevalence (15.3% vs. 10.4%, X 2 = 5.57, p = 0.02) in avoidance and numbness categories of PTSSs, but that Chi-Chi Earthquake survivors reported a signifi cantly higher prevalence (4.0% vs. 19.7%, X 2 = 71.10, p < 0.001) in the hyperarousal category of PTSSs. Conclusion: Both disasters caused a high prevalence of PTSSs. The observed prevalence can be served as the basis for estimating of the number of medical and psychological professionals required to treat the affected population and for the variance analysis of fi nding out potential causes.