地方依附對環境衝擊之影響探討——以北投纜車為例

Exploring the Relationship between Environmental Impacts and Place Attachment: A Case Study of Beitou Gondola

地方依附是為人地關係的統稱。許多研究已指出衝擊認知跟地方依附有關，但有兩種不同的看法：部份研究認為高地方依附者在遭遇衝擊時感受較強烈，另一部份研究則認為當人具有較高的地方依附時會傾向忽略衝擊。這之間的差異目前尚未有明確定論，故本研究將主要探討可能會造成此兩種極端看法之原因。本研究以照片模擬北投公園纜車衝擊的方式進行，將地方依附、衝擊感受程度與衝擊反應進行比較，現地與網路問卷共回收235份。結果顯示地方認同越高會更容易受到設施衝擊，但同時亦會減緩遊憩環境衝擊；而當地方依賴程度越高，則越易受到遊憩環境衝擊。未來在實用上，可以進一步利用地方依附程度來推斷土地規劃或是建造新的遊憩場所計畫的實行依據。

The human-place relationship has received increasing attention in recent years. Although many researchers have suggested that perceived environmental impacts could be influenced by the level of place attachment, two opposing directions have been observed for such influences. Some studies have indicated that users with a higher degree of local bonding are vulnerable and sensitive to the impacts of depreciative behaviors than those who are less attached (Kaltenborn, 1998), while other researchers have pointed out that people with higher place attachment tend to ignore or rationalize environmental impacts and are inclined to accept them (Bonaiuto, Breakwell, & Cano, 1996). The relationship between bonding to place and perceived environmental impact is thus worthy of further discussion. The purpose of this study is to understand how place attachment influences users’ perceptions of different types of environmental impacts. A photo-based experiment was conducted to measure and compare respondents’ place attachment, attitudes toward Beitou Gondola, and attitudes toward depreciated behaviors. The photos helped the respondents to imagine how the gondola operated in the park. The results indicated that place identity positively affects attitudes toward the gondola and negatively affects attitudes toward depreciated behaviors. Place dependence positively affects attitudes toward depreciated behaviors. The results also showed that respondents with higher place attachment exhibit different attitudes toward different types of environmental impacts. These results provide a more in-depth explanation of the relationship between people and place, which could be applied to urban planning or environmental design in the future to improve people’s lives.