以健康信念模式探討台灣北部大學生接種人類乳突病毒疫苗之行為意圖及相關因素研究

Factors associated with university students' intention to receive human papillomavirus vaccination in northern Taiwan: a heath belief model approach

目標：本研究旨在以健康信念模式探討大學生接種人類乳突病毒疫苗之行為意圖及相關因素。方法：本研究採立意取樣，選取103學年度第二學期就讀台灣北部3所大學的學生，以自填式問卷進行調查，共分析533人，有效問卷率97%。以複迴歸檢視影響大學生接種人類乳突病毒疫苗之意圖。結果：大學生HPV相關知識偏中高程度，HPV行動線索主要來源是從學校、媒體及衛生單位。HPV行動線索、HPV自覺罹患性、HPV疫苗自覺行動利益、HPV疫苗自我效能與HPV疫苗行為意圖呈顯著正相關；HPV疫苗自覺行動障礙與HPV疫苗行為意圖呈顯著負相關。整體而言，大學生HPV行動線索、HPV自覺罹患性、HPV疫苗自我效能可有效預測HPV疫苗接種行為意圖。依性別，影響男性HPV疫苗接種行為意圖之因子包括HPV自覺罹患性、HPV疫苗自我效能；而影響女性之因子為年級、HPV行動線索、HPV疫苗自我效能。結論：衛生單位可增加HPV疫苗訊息的暴露，來強化HPV行動線索，及增加HPV相關活動來提升大學生HPV自覺罹患性、HPV疫苗自我效能，增進學生HPV疫苗接種之意圖。

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to explore factors associated with university students' intention to receive human papillomavirus vaccination (HPV). Methods: Using the purposive sampling method, the present study queried 533 undergraduate students from three universities in northern Taiwan in 2015. Self-administered structured questionnaires were used. The effective response rate was 97%. Multivariate regression was used to analyze the data. Results: Overall, university students had average/high scores for their level of knowledge about HPV. HPV cues to action were mainly from schools, media and healthcare providers. HPV cues to action, perceived susceptibility, perceived benefits, and self-efficacy were positively associated with intention for HPV vaccination, while perceived barriers was negatively associated with such intention. Generally speaking, HPV cues to action, perceived susceptibility to HPV, and self-efficacy could predict intention for HPV vaccination. By gender, the factors associated with male students' HPV intention included perceived susceptibility to HPV and self-efficacy; female students' factors included grade, cue to action and self-efficacy. Conclusions: We suggest that health sectors should increase exposure to messages about the HPV vaccine in order to increase cues to action, and conduct HPV educational activities to improve students' perceived susceptibility and self-efficacy with regard to HPV vaccination.