論發展權視角下履行要求條款的構建

Reconstruction of Performance Requirement Clause from the Perspective of the Right to Development

履行要求是東道國為了對外資進行管理和引導而對投資者施加的限制性措施，隨著投資自由化水平不斷提高，更多的管理措施被納入國際投資協定履行要求條款規制的範圍，該條款是由履行要求措施和一系列嵌入式例外構成規則，如果從發展權的視角審視該條款，現有的規制方法遠遠超越了發展中國家利用外資實現本國發展和戰略目標的能力，不僅違背了發展權原則，也缺乏公平正義。文章對履行要求與實現發展權的內在法律關係進行了論證，在此基礎上對履行要求措施用三分法分層考察，明晰了不同的履行要求對資本阻礙和發展權保障的法律地位，同時在現有例外基礎上提出了納入“發展例外”立法構想，構建促進發展中國家可持續發展的投資規則。

The performance requirement is restrictive measures by the host country in order to guide and regulate foreign investors. With the liberalization of investment, more and more regulation measures are governed under the clause of performance requirement of international investment regimes. The clause consists of two parts: one is performance measures and the other is a series of embedded exception rules. From the perspective of the right to development, the existing regulation method is far beyond the ability of using FDI by the developing countries to promote their development. The clause not only violates the principle of the right to development, but also lacks of fairness and justice. The article explores the internal legal connection between the performance requirements and the realization of the right to development, then the performance requirement measures are studied by trichotomy with the result of clarifying the different legal status of measures of attracting FDI and safeguarding the right to development. The article suggests putting the 'development exception' into the existing legislative regime of the clause, and adopting a fair and equitable investment clause that promotes the sustainable development of developing countries.