巴西仲裁立法改革：友好型仲裁機制的優化

Reform of the Brazilian Arbitration Law: Improving the Arbitration-friendly Jurisdiction

巴西1996年頒佈的《仲裁法》在實施了19年後，首次於2015年經歷修改並在同年7月生效。《仲裁法》修改的內容主要包括仲裁範圍的擴大，允許公共機構成為仲裁當事人，優化仲裁員選定方式，增強仲裁庭和仲裁員的權限，支持其發出臨時措施的決定，並開創了仲裁函制度，改善了仲裁和司法的銜接與溝通。巴西不斷放寬法院對仲裁活動的監督，充分尊重當事人意思自治，吸收聯合國示範法更新的內容，加強了仲裁的友好性及為當事人提供高效國際商事仲裁服務的能力。在中國企業走出去的大趨勢下，隨著經貿投資的增加必然帶來更多的商事糾紛，巴西仲裁制度的發展路徑也對同為新興市場國家的中國未來仲裁法的修改完善有積極的借鑒意義。

After 19 years, the 1996 Arbitration Law of Brazil has been revised for the first time, and the 2015 Arbitration Law was promulgated and entered into force in July 2015. The amendments include allowing public administration to submit disputes to arbitration, improvement of appointment of arbitrators, enhancing the power of arbitral tribunals and arbitrators, supporting them to issue 'arbitral letter' to the courts and other interim measures, and improving cooperation between arbitration and judiciary. Brazil has successively created an arbitration-friendly jurisdiction with full respect for the autonomy of the parties, introduced the updates of the UN model law, and strengthened the ability to provide the parties with efficient services for international commercial arbitration. Since more Chinese enterprises take interest in overseas investments, giving rise to more commercial disputes, the Brazilian path of arbitration system's development may provide inspiration for China and other emerging market economies.