辛亥革命與三學到臺灣

Migration of the 1911 Revolution and Triple Learnings intonTaiwan

二十世紀最大的革命就是中國革命。包含前後的各種革命與重大改革在內，它長度超過兩百年。它的開端，就是「辛亥革命」。這個革命有帶頭作用，以「民族獨立」、「共和民主」與「社會均富」來號召，時間拉得很長，從孫中山乙未（西元1895年）首役開始於中國大陸至今，尚未終止。而且跨過臺灣海峽，到當時被（新興的世界強國）日本所統治的臺灣。沒想到就在這裡，最得革命的正功能。她（臺灣）乍看之下，與（擁有悠久中華文化但由少數民族滿族的）清廷治下中華帝國的辛亥革命無關。在一般人印象中，或許也與西方文化無關。實際上，則一百二十年來都密切相關。再深入看，以及更宏觀地看，則革命的方向，也一樣在「中學」、「西學」以及「東學」（本文所謂「三學」）之間，來回震盪，至今還沒找到「正途」。而「三學」震盪之間所激起的漩渦和狂濤，進而造成之革命性，也至今不止，甚至可能越來越深、越廣以及越大。不了解日本，就無法深切了解辛亥革命的動力來自西學與東學（東洋學）；沒有從雙重邊陲的臺灣看辛亥革命，就無法了解這個革命的來龍是中學（中土之學），與去脈也應該是中學；沒深入中土之學的核心，又抓不住去脈的方向。本文從臺灣本位看辛亥革命與中、東、西三學，所希望的，就在一箭三鵰。

The greatest revolution in the twentieth century is the Chinese revolution. Including series of reforms before, in between and after, the revolution lasts for more than two centuries. It started from the 1911 Revolution intending to achieve three goals such as National Independence, Republican Democracy and Social Welfare that made the revolution start earlier from 1895 and last long even to the present time. More than that, it entered Taiwan then under the rule of the Imperial Japan the new Power in the world. The outcome is surprisingly positive there instead of on the Mainland in the past 120 years, although it seems do not connect with the 1911 Revolution under the rule of Chinese Empire and the cultures of the Western world. The author tries to look through three main cultures in three forms of “learning” of namely the “Sino”, the “West” and the “East (which, formed in Japan, was crowned by the Japanese scholars at the turn of the twentieth centuries).” The article discovers that the three learnings were exactly struggling, creating tides of times and receiving wider, deeper and even more extensive among and also with each other influences according to the direction of the 1911 revolution even to the present time. Without understanding Japan, it will be difficult to understand that the drives of the 1911 Revolution were from both the West or the East Learnings based mainly on the political and legal wisdom from the modern West; and without understanding Taiwan from her double peripheral roles from the standpoint of the Japan-Imperial state as well as the Oceanic- Republic state cultures, it is impossible to grasp the key Chinese culture. The Chinese main stream which is based on the long tradition of Asia Mainland was the backbone of the past and will be so in the future. This article tries to kill three birds with one single stone: the deep understanding of a two thousand three hundred years old Chinese elite-bureaucratic system.