氯丁二烯橡膠樹脂接著劑製造廠之勞工有機溶劑危害暴露調查

Oxidative Stress Evaluation for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Exposed Coke-Oven Workers

本研究藉由臺灣合成樹脂接著劑工業同業公會之工廠會員資料進行資料篩選，再經電話 訪談方式確認工廠是否有氯丁二烯橡膠接著劑之製程，以了解目前從事氯丁二烯橡膠樹脂接著 劑之製造工廠分布與勞工之人數。目前台灣生產製造氯丁二烯橡膠接著劑工廠及員工人數，估 計其相關生產製造氯丁二烯橡膠接著劑工廠相關之員工總人數約1,082人。但多數為非氯丁二 烯橡膠製程相關人員，本研究調查之製程作業人員僅約3-20人，且工廠勞工多數需負責由原料 製備、投料與成品分裝等工作，或是工作時間仍需支援生產其他非氯丁二烯橡膠接著劑（例： PU膠、鞋膠）之工作。 本研究調查之三家氯丁二烯橡膠樹脂接著劑製造廠，其製造程序為氯丁二烯橡膠塊狀原料 輾壓成片狀氯丁二烯橡膠原料與溶劑攪拌混合→成品→填充罐→出貨，其中使用原料雖各廠有 異，但氧化鋅、氧化鎂、酚醛樹酯或石油樹酯、甲苯、正己烷、二氯甲烷與丙酮為各廠家之常 用原料。其中易使製造勞工出現暴露危害為：1. 氧化鋅、氧化鎂之粉塵危害、2. 攪拌槽投料有 機溶劑暴露、3. 成品分裝有機溶劑暴露。且該三家製程作業環境測定之有機溶劑濃度皆低於容 許濃度，表示工廠製程管理長期受勞動檢查之改善成效佳。

To identify the factory distribution and number of workers engaged in production chloroprene rubber adhesive, this study screened membership data of the Taiwan Synthetic Resin & Adhesives Industrial Association and confirmed through telephone interviews whether the factories produced. Approximately 1,082 employees are engaged in work related to chloroprene rubber adhesive production. However, most do not produce chloroprene rubber. The range of employees engaged in the manufacturing is approximately 3-20 at each factory. Most factory employees are engaged in raw material preparation, feeding, and packaging tasks, or produce other non-chloroprene rubber adhesives (e.g., polyurethane adhesives and shoe adhesives). The three chloroprene rubber adhesive production factories surveyed by this study applied the following manufacturing procedure: rolling [chloroprene rubber bulk rubber] → mixing [raw materials and solvents for chloroprene rubber sheets] → producing end-products → filling containers → shipping. Although the raw material used by each factory varied, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, petroleum resin or phenolic resin, toluene, hexane, methylene chloride, and acetone were common. Of these, typical exposure risks for manufacturing workers were as follows: (a) zinc oxide and magnesium oxide dust; (b) organic solvent in stir tanks; and (c) end-product organic solvents. The tested organic solvent concentrations in the operating environments at all three factories were below each permissible exposure limit (PEL-TWA), reflecting the positive influence of long-term labor inspections on management and factory production.